Compress everything. Trust nothing. Encrypt always.

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Cristian Cezar Moisés 2026-03-21 22:06:03 -03:00
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# Security Audit — Zupt v1.0.0
## Cryptographic Correctness
| Check | Status | Evidence |
|-------|--------|----------|
| ML-KEM-768 keygen+encaps+decaps roundtrip | ✅ | 10/10 trials pass (`test_pq.sh`) |
| ML-KEM-768 constant-time basemul | ✅ | No secret-dependent branches; Montgomery reduction is branchless |
| ML-KEM-768 FO implicit rejection | ✅ | cmov selects rejection key on invalid ct; both paths always execute |
| X25519 Montgomery ladder | ✅ | Constant-time by construction (cswap on every iteration) |
| AES-256-CTR | ✅ | Verified against NIST SP 800-38A via regression tests |
| HMAC-SHA256 | ✅ | Verified via password-mode archive integrity tests |
| PBKDF2-SHA256 | ✅ | 600,000 iterations, 32-byte random salt per archive |
| SHA-256 | ✅ | Used by HMAC/PBKDF2, verified transitively |
| SHA3-256/512 | ✅ | Used by ML-KEM; Keccak-f[1600] per FIPS 202 |
| SHAKE-128/256 | ✅ | Used by ML-KEM sampling; verified via KEM roundtrip |
## Constant-Time Verification
| Operation | Constant-Time | Method |
|-----------|---------------|--------|
| HMAC comparison | Yes | XOR accumulation (`diff \|= a[i] ^ b[i]`) |
| ML-KEM decaps implicit rejection | Yes | cmov with branchless fail detection |
| ML-KEM NTT/basemul | Yes | No secret-dependent branches; Barrett/Montgomery reduction branchless |
| ML-KEM CBD sampling | Yes | Bitwise operations only |
| X25519 ladder | Yes | fe_cswap with masked XOR on every bit |
| AES-256 | **No** | Table-based (T-tables). Vulnerable to cache-timing on shared hardware. |
| SHA-256 | **No** | Standard implementation. Not constant-time w.r.t. message length. |
**Documented limitation:** AES-256 and SHA-256 use lookup tables susceptible to cache-timing side channels. Do not use on shared multi-tenant hardware where an attacker can measure cache access patterns.
## Memory Safety
| Check | Status |
|-------|--------|
| `make test-asan`: zero errors | ✅ All modes: normal, solid, encrypted, PQ, MT |
| All `malloc()` return values checked | ✅ Propagated via `ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM` |
| All ML-KEM polynomial buffers wiped | ✅ `zupt_secure_wipe()` in keygen/encaps/decaps |
| All X25519 scalars wiped | ✅ `memset(e, 0, 32)` after ladder |
| All intermediate key material wiped | ✅ In `zupt_crypto.c` hybrid encrypt/decrypt init |
| Keyring copy wiped in parallel pool destructor | ✅ `zupt_secure_wipe(&ctx->keyring, ...)` |
## Format Stability
| Check | Status |
|-------|--------|
| v1.0 reads v0.3+ archives | ✅ Regression test covers password-encrypted v0.5 format |
| v0.6 rejects v1.4 PQ archives cleanly | ✅ Version check returns `ZUPT_ERR_BAD_VERSION` |
| FORMAT.md documents all fields | ✅ See FORMAT.md |
| FORMAT_STABLE flag set in v1.0 archives | ✅ Bit 4 of global_flags |
## Known Bugs Fixed (v0.7.0)
| Bug | Impact | Fix |
|-----|--------|-----|
| ML-KEM basemul OOB (`zetas[64+i]`, i up to 127) | Buffer overread → undefined behavior | Fixed to 64 iterations, 4-coeff groups |
| ML-KEM missing `poly_tomont` in keygen | Public key in wrong domain → K-PKE roundtrip fails | Added `poly_tomont()` after basemul in keygen |
| ML-KEM inverted cmov in FO decaps | Always selected rejection key → KEM roundtrip fails | Fixed fail detection: `(-(int64_t)diff) >> 63` |
| ML-KEM `inv_ntt` used wrong zetas table | NTT/invNTT roundtrip failed | Uses same `zetas[]` table, k counts 127→0 |
| PQ hybrid nonce mismatch | Encrypt/decrypt used different random nonces | Store base_nonce in enc_hdr; decrypt reads it back |

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# Changelog
## [1.0.0] — 2026-03-21
### Stable Release
- **Archive format frozen at v1.4.** `FORMAT_STABLE` flag (bit 4) set in all v1.0+ archives. Future format changes require v2.0 with new magic bytes.
- **FORMAT.md:** Complete field-level specification of every byte in the archive format.
- **AUDIT.md:** Security audit checklist with findings and mitigations.
- **FUZZING.md:** AFL++ setup, corpus generation, expected coverage targets.
- **License changed:** GPL-3.0 → MIT. All source file headers updated.
## [0.7.0] — 2026-03-21
### Added — Post-Quantum Hybrid Encryption
- **ML-KEM-768 (FIPS 203)** pure C11 implementation in `src/zupt_mlkem.c` (~600 lines). Constant-time NTT, Barrett/Montgomery reduction, CBD sampling, Fujisaki-Okamoto CCA transform with implicit rejection.
- **X25519 (RFC 7748)** pure C11 implementation in `src/zupt_x25519.c` (~270 lines). Montgomery ladder, constant-time `fe_cswap`, 5×51-bit field arithmetic.
- **Keccak-f[1600]** with SHA3-256, SHA3-512, SHAKE-128, SHAKE-256 in `src/zupt_keccak.c` (~215 lines). Required by ML-KEM for hashing and sampling.
- **Hybrid KEM:** ML-KEM-768 + X25519 combined key encapsulation. Shared secret derived via `SHA3-512(ml_kem_ss XOR x25519_ss ‖ ct ‖ ephemeral_pk ‖ "ZUPT-HYBRID-v1")`. Secure if EITHER ML-KEM or X25519 is secure.
- **`zupt keygen`** subcommand generates ML-KEM-768 + X25519 keypair (`.zupt-key` format). `--pub` exports public key only.
- **`--pq <keyfile>`** flag for compress/extract/list/test. Encrypts with recipient's public key (no password needed).
- **Key file format:** `ZKEY` magic, version byte, flags, ML-KEM pk (1184B) + X25519 pk (32B) + optional sk (2400B + 32B), XXH64 checksum.
- **10-test PQ test suite** (`tests/test_pq.sh`): keygen, pubkey export, key sizes, PQ compress, round-trip, integrity, wrong-key rejection, password backward compat, PQ+MT, large file.
### Fixed — ML-KEM Bugs (Critical)
- **basemul array out-of-bounds:** Loop accessed `zetas[64+i]` past the 128-entry array. Fixed to 64 iterations with ±zeta per FIPS 203.
- **Missing `poly_tomont` in keygen:** Public key was computed without Montgomery domain normalization. K-PKE encrypt/decrypt produced different results.
- **Inverted cmov in FO decaps:** Constant-time conditional always selected the rejection key, even on valid ciphertext. Root cause: C integer promotion in `(diff-1) >> 8` expression.
- **`inv_ntt` used wrong zetas table:** Separate `zetas_inv[]` with incorrect values. Fixed to reuse `zetas[]` with k counting 127→0.
- **PQ nonce mismatch:** Encrypt and decrypt independently generated random `base_nonce`. Fixed: nonce stored in encryption header, decrypt reads it back.
### Changed
- Archive format: v1.3 → v1.4.
- Encryption header extended: `enc_type` prefix byte (0x01=PBKDF2, 0x02=PQ-Hybrid).
- Legacy v0.5 archives (no enc_type) still read correctly via fallback detection.
- `ZUPT_FLAG_PQ_HYBRID` (bit 3) added to global_flags.
### Security — No Regressions
- HMAC verified before decryption in every worker (unchanged).
- Constant-time MAC comparison (unchanged).
- Password mode (-p) fully backward compatible.
- All intermediate ML-KEM/X25519 key material wiped with `zupt_secure_wipe()`.
## [0.6.0] — 2026-03-21
### Added
- Multi-threaded compression (`-t <N>`). Batch-parallel pipeline. 14-test MT suite.
## [0.5.1] — 2026-03-21
### Fixed
- 16 bugs: Huffman over-subscription, heap-buffer-overflows, CSPRNG fallback removed, constant-time MAC, LE serialization, write error tracking.
## [0.4.0] — 2026-03-01
### Added
- Byte prediction preprocessor (Zupt-LZHP). Solid mode.
## [0.3.0] — 2026-02-15
### Added
- Zupt-LZH codec: LZ77 + Huffman, 1MB window, near-optimal parsing.
## [0.2.0] — 2026-01-20
### Added
- AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 encryption. PBKDF2. Directory recursion.
## [0.1.0] — 2026-01-01
### Added
- Initial release. Zupt-LZ codec, `.zupt` format, XXH64 checksums, CLI.

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# Zupt Archive Format Specification v1.4
**Status: FROZEN at v1.0.0.** Future format changes require v2.0 (new magic bytes).
## Overview
A `.zupt` archive is a sequential byte stream:
```
[Archive Header (64B)] [Encryption Header Block?] [Data Blocks...] [Index Block] [Footer (32B)]
```
All multi-byte integers are **little-endian**. All variable-length integers use unsigned LEB128 (varint).
## Archive Header (64 bytes, offset 0)
| Offset | Size | Field | Value |
|--------|------|-------|-------|
| 0 | 6 | magic | `5A 55 50 54 1A 00` ("ZUPT\x1a\0") |
| 6 | 1 | version_major | 1 |
| 7 | 1 | version_minor | 4 |
| 8 | 4 | global_flags | Bitfield (LE uint32) |
| 12 | 8 | creation_time | Nanoseconds since epoch (LE uint64) |
| 20 | 16 | archive_id | Random UUID |
| 36 | 8 | encryption_header_off | Offset to encryption header block (0 if unencrypted) |
| 44 | 8 | comment_offset | Reserved (0) |
| 52 | 12 | reserved | Zero-filled |
### Global Flags
| Bit | Name | Description |
|-----|------|-------------|
| 0 | ENCRYPTED | Archive is encrypted |
| 1 | SOLID | Solid-mode archive |
| 2 | MULTITHREADED | Produced with multi-threaded compression (informational) |
| 3 | PQ_HYBRID | Post-quantum hybrid encryption active |
| 4 | FORMAT_STABLE | Format is frozen (v1.0+) |
| 5 | — | Checksum type: 0 = XXH64 |
## Block Header
Each block starts with:
| Size | Field | Description |
|------|-------|-------------|
| 1 | magic_0 | `0xBB` |
| 1 | magic_1 | `0x01` |
| 1 | block_type | `0x00`=Data, `0x02`=Index, `0x03`=Encryption Header |
| 2 | codec_id | LE uint16. See Codec IDs. |
| 2 | block_flags | LE uint16. Bit 0 = encrypted. |
| varint | uncompressed_size | Original data size |
| varint | compressed_size | Payload size (= compressed, or = uncompressed if STORE) |
| 8 | checksum | XXH64 of uncompressed data (LE uint64) |
| ... | payload | `compressed_size` bytes |
### Codec IDs
| ID | Name | Description |
|----|------|-------------|
| `0x0000` | STORE | No compression |
| `0x0008` | Zupt-LZ | LZ77, 64KB window |
| `0x0009` | Zupt-LZH | LZ77 + Huffman, 1MB window |
| `0x000A` | Zupt-LZHP | LZ77 + Huffman + byte prediction (default) |
### Zupt-LZHP Payload Layout
```
[1B] prediction_flag (0x00=off, 0x01=on)
if 0x01: [256B] prediction table
[...] LZH compressed data
```
## Encryption Header Block
Located at `encryption_header_off` from the archive header.
### PBKDF2 Mode (enc_type = 0x01)
| Size | Field |
|------|-------|
| 1 | enc_type = `0x01` |
| 32 | salt |
| 16 | base_nonce |
| 4 | iteration_count (LE uint32) |
### PQ Hybrid Mode (enc_type = 0x02)
| Size | Field |
|------|-------|
| 1 | enc_type = `0x02` |
| 1088 | ML-KEM-768 ciphertext |
| 32 | Ephemeral X25519 public key |
| 16 | base_nonce |
### Legacy Mode (no enc_type prefix, v0.5 archives)
| Size | Field |
|------|-------|
| 32 | salt |
| 16 | nonce |
| 4 | iteration_count |
Detection: if first byte is not `0x01` or `0x02` and payload size is 52, treat as legacy.
## Encrypted Block Payload
Each encrypted block payload contains:
```
[16B] per-block nonce (base_nonce XOR block_sequence_LE8)
[...] AES-256-CTR ciphertext
[32B] HMAC-SHA256(mac_key, nonce ‖ ciphertext)
```
**Decrypt order:** Verify HMAC first (Encrypt-then-MAC), then decrypt.
## Central Index Block
Block type `0x02`. Codec: always Zupt-LZH (compressed). Contains:
```
[varint] file_count
For each file:
[varint] path_length
[bytes] path (UTF-8)
[8B] uncompressed_size (LE)
[8B] compressed_size (LE)
[8B] modification_time (LE, nanoseconds)
[8B] content_hash (LE, chained XXH64)
[8B] first_block_offset (LE)
[4B] block_count (LE)
[4B] attributes (LE)
```
If archive is encrypted, the entire index block payload is encrypted.
## Footer (32 bytes)
| Offset | Size | Field |
|--------|------|-------|
| 0 | 8 | index_offset (LE uint64) |
| 8 | 8 | total_blocks (LE uint64) |
| 16 | 8 | archive_checksum (LE uint64, XXH64 of all block checksums) |
| 24 | 4 | footer_magic = `"ZEND"` |
| 28 | 4 | footer_version (LE uint32) |
## Backward Compatibility
| Reader | Reads |
|--------|-------|
| v1.0+ | All v0.3+ archives |
| v0.6 | v0.3v1.3 (rejects v1.4 PQ archives with clean error) |
| v0.5 | v0.3v1.2 |

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# Fuzzing Zupt with AFL++
## Setup
```bash
# Install AFL++
apt install afl++ afl++-clang
# Build instrumented binary
export CC=afl-clang-fast
make clean
make CFLAGS="-Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Iinclude -Isrc -fsanitize=address"
# Or build a harness that reads from stdin
cat > fuzz_decompress.c << 'EOF'
#include "zupt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void) {
/* Read archive from stdin, attempt to extract */
char tmpfile[] = "/tmp/zupt_fuzz_XXXXXX";
int fd = mkstemp(tmpfile);
if (fd < 0) return 1;
char buf[4096];
ssize_t n;
while ((n = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) write(fd, buf, n);
close(fd);
zupt_options_t opts;
zupt_default_options(&opts);
opts.quiet = 1;
zupt_extract_archive(tmpfile, "/tmp/zupt_fuzz_out", &opts);
unlink(tmpfile);
return 0;
}
EOF
afl-clang-fast -Wall -O2 -std=c11 -Iinclude -Isrc -fsanitize=address \
fuzz_decompress.c src/zupt_format.c src/zupt_lz.c src/zupt_lzh.c \
src/zupt_xxh.c src/zupt_sha256.c src/zupt_aes256.c src/zupt_crypto.c \
src/zupt_predict.c src/zupt_parallel.c src/zupt_keccak.c \
src/zupt_x25519.c src/zupt_mlkem.c -lm -lpthread -o fuzz_zupt
```
## Corpus
```bash
mkdir -p corpus
# Generate seed archives
echo "test" > /tmp/t.txt
./zupt compress corpus/normal.zupt /tmp/t.txt
./zupt compress -p "pw" corpus/encrypted.zupt /tmp/t.txt
./zupt compress --solid corpus/solid.zupt /tmp/t.txt
./zupt compress -s corpus/store.zupt /tmp/t.txt
./zupt compress -f corpus/fast.zupt /tmp/t.txt
# PQ mode
./zupt keygen -o /tmp/k.key
./zupt keygen --pub -o /tmp/pub.key -k /tmp/k.key
./zupt compress --pq /tmp/pub.key corpus/pq.zupt /tmp/t.txt
# Truncated/corrupt
head -c 64 corpus/normal.zupt > corpus/truncated.zupt
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=200 count=1 of=corpus/random.zupt 2>/dev/null
```
## Run
```bash
mkdir -p findings
afl-fuzz -i corpus -o findings -m none -- ./fuzz_zupt
```
## Expected Coverage
The decompress harness exercises:
- Archive header parsing (magic, version, flags)
- Block header parsing (magic, codec, flags, varint sizes)
- LZ decompression (match/literal parsing, bounds checks)
- LZH decompression (Huffman table decode, code-length parsing)
- LZHP decompression (prediction decode + LZH)
- Index parsing (varint, path, sizes)
- Encryption header parsing (enc_type dispatch, PBKDF2 vs PQ)
- Encrypted block handling (HMAC verify, AES-CTR decrypt)
## Target: 72 hours, expect ~10K executions/sec
Known hard-to-reach paths:
- PQ decryption requires a valid ML-KEM ciphertext (unlikely from random fuzzing)
- Password decryption requires correct HMAC (rejected before any decompression)
- Solid mode decompression (requires valid solid flag + index)

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MIT License
Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

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# ZUPT v0.7.0 - Makefile (Linux / macOS)
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -O2 -std=c11 -Iinclude -Isrc
SOURCES = src/zupt_main.c src/zupt_format.c src/zupt_lz.c src/zupt_lzh.c src/zupt_xxh.c \
src/zupt_sha256.c src/zupt_aes256.c src/zupt_crypto.c src/zupt_predict.c \
src/zupt_parallel.c src/zupt_keccak.c src/zupt_x25519.c src/zupt_mlkem.c
LDFLAGS = -lm -lpthread
TARGET = zupt
.PHONY: all clean test test-all test-asan install
all: $(TARGET)
$(TARGET): $(SOURCES) include/zupt.h src/zupt_thread.h src/zupt_parallel.h
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(SOURCES) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(TARGET)
@echo "Build complete: ./$(TARGET)"
clean:
rm -f $(TARGET) zupt_asan
# Quick self-test (9 tests)
test: $(TARGET)
@echo "=== Zupt v0.5.1 Self-Test ==="
@rm -rf /tmp/zupt_test && mkdir -p /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir
@echo "Hello, Zupt!" > /tmp/zupt_test/input/hello.txt
@dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1024 count=100 of=/tmp/zupt_test/input/random.bin 2>/dev/null
@yes "AAAA BBBB CCCC DDDD EEEE FFFF " | head -c 1000000 > /tmp/zupt_test/input/repeat.txt
@echo '{"key": "value", "arr": [1,2,3]}' > /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/data.json
@seq 1 10000 > /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/numbers.txt
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 1: Unencrypted compress (recursive directory) ---"
@./zupt compress -v -l 7 /tmp/zupt_test/plain.zupt /tmp/zupt_test/input
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 2: List ---"
@./zupt list /tmp/zupt_test/plain.zupt
@echo "--- Test 3: Integrity test ---"
@./zupt test -v /tmp/zupt_test/plain.zupt
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 4: Extract + verify ---"
@./zupt extract -v -o /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain /tmp/zupt_test/plain.zupt
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/hello.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain/tmp/zupt_test/input/hello.txt && echo " hello.txt: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/random.bin /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain/tmp/zupt_test/input/random.bin && echo " random.bin: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/repeat.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain/tmp/zupt_test/input/repeat.txt && echo " repeat.txt: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/data.json /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain/tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/data.json && echo " subdir/data.json: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/numbers.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_plain/tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/numbers.txt && echo " subdir/numbers.txt: OK"
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 5: Encrypted compress ---"
@./zupt compress -v -l 8 -p "TestP@ss123!" /tmp/zupt_test/enc.zupt /tmp/zupt_test/input
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 6: Encrypted list ---"
@./zupt list -p "TestP@ss123!" /tmp/zupt_test/enc.zupt
@echo "--- Test 7: Encrypted test ---"
@./zupt test -v -p "TestP@ss123!" /tmp/zupt_test/enc.zupt
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 8: Encrypted extract + verify ---"
@./zupt extract -v -o /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc -p "TestP@ss123!" /tmp/zupt_test/enc.zupt
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/hello.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc/tmp/zupt_test/input/hello.txt && echo " hello.txt: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/random.bin /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc/tmp/zupt_test/input/random.bin && echo " random.bin: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/repeat.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc/tmp/zupt_test/input/repeat.txt && echo " repeat.txt: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/data.json /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc/tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/data.json && echo " subdir/data.json: OK"
@diff /tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/numbers.txt /tmp/zupt_test/out_enc/tmp/zupt_test/input/subdir/numbers.txt && echo " subdir/numbers.txt: OK"
@echo ""
@echo "--- Test 9: Wrong password should fail ---"
@./zupt list -p "WrongPass" /tmp/zupt_test/enc.zupt 2>/dev/null && echo " FAIL: should have rejected" || echo " Wrong password correctly rejected: OK"
@echo ""
@rm -rf /tmp/zupt_test
@echo "=== ALL TESTS PASSED ==="
# Full regression test suite
test-all: $(TARGET)
@echo "=== Running full regression suite ==="
sh tests/regression.sh
# Build with AddressSanitizer + UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer
test-asan: $(SOURCES) include/zupt.h src/zupt_thread.h src/zupt_parallel.h
$(CC) -Wall -Wextra -std=c11 -Iinclude -Isrc -fsanitize=address,undefined -g -O1 \
$(SOURCES) -lm -lpthread -o zupt_asan
@echo "ASAN build complete: ./zupt_asan"
install: $(TARGET)
install -m 755 $(TARGET) /usr/local/bin/

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# Zupt
**Backup compression with AES-256 authenticated encryption and post-quantum key encapsulation.**
![Build](https://img.shields.io/badge/build-passing-brightgreen)
![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue)
![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/version-1.0.0-orange)
![Platform](https://img.shields.io/badge/platform-Linux%20%7C%20macOS%20%7C%20Windows-lightgrey)
Zupt compresses and encrypts backup archives. LZ77+Huffman compression, AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 per-block authentication, multi-threaded, and optional ML-KEM-768 + X25519 post-quantum hybrid encryption. Pure C11, zero dependencies, ~5,000 lines.
---
## Why Zupt
- **Post-quantum encryption** (v0.7+). `--pq` mode uses ML-KEM-768 + X25519 hybrid KEM — the same approach used by Signal and iMessage. Protects against "harvest now, decrypt later" quantum attacks.
- **Encrypted backups in one command.** `zupt compress -p backup.zupt ~/data/` — AES-256 authenticated encryption, file names hidden, no `gpg` pipe.
- **Multi-threaded.** `-t 0` auto-detects cores. Batch-parallel compression pipeline.
- **Per-block integrity.** XXH64 checksum + HMAC-SHA256 per block. Wrong password/key rejected instantly.
- **Zero dependencies.** ML-KEM, X25519, Keccak, SHA-256, AES-256, HMAC, PBKDF2, Huffman — all ~5,000 lines of C11. Builds with `gcc` or `cl` alone.
- **Compression on par with gzip.** ([Benchmarks →](#benchmark-results))
---
## Quick Start
```bash
# Build
git clone https://github.com/cristiancmoises/zupt.git && cd zupt && make
# Password-encrypted backup
zupt compress -p backup.zupt ~/Documents/
zupt extract -o ~/restored/ -p backup.zupt
# Post-quantum encrypted backup
zupt keygen -o mykey.key # Generate keypair
zupt keygen --pub -o pub.key -k mykey.key # Export public key
zupt compress --pq pub.key backup.zupt ~/Documents/ # Encrypt with public key
zupt extract --pq mykey.key -o ~/restored/ backup.zupt # Decrypt with private key
```
---
## Post-Quantum Encryption
v0.7.0 adds `--pq` mode: hybrid ML-KEM-768 + X25519 key encapsulation per NIST FIPS 203.
```
Recipient's public key → ML-KEM-768 Encaps + X25519 ECDH → hybrid shared secret
→ SHA3-512(ss ‖ transcript) → enc_key[32] + mac_key[32]
→ AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 per block (unchanged from password mode)
```
**Security model:** Secure if EITHER ML-KEM-768 (post-quantum) OR X25519 (classical) is secure. Both must be broken to compromise the archive.
**Password mode (`-p`) is NOT quantum-safe.** Use `--pq` for long-term protection.
---
## Benchmark Results
### Zupt vs gzip vs zstd — Level 7
| File Type | Zupt L7 | gzip -6 | zstd -7 |
|-----------|---------|---------|---------|
| English text | 629 KB (3.3:1) | 643 KB (3.3:1) | 638 KB (3.3:1) |
| JSON data | 296 KB (7.1:1) | 281 KB (7.5:1) | 242 KB (8.7:1) |
| Server logs | 908 KB (3.5:1) | 839 KB (3.7:1) | 797 KB (3.9:1) |
| Sparse binary | 467 KB (2.2:1) | 478 KB (2.2:1) | 463 KB (2.3:1) |
Ratio ≈ gzip. Zupt's value: encryption + integrity + PQ protection + zero dependencies.
---
## Feature Comparison
| Feature | Zupt | gzip | zstd | 7-Zip |
|---------|------|------|------|-------|
| Compression ratio | ≈ gzip | Baseline | 23× better | 23× better |
| Multi-threaded | ✓ | ✗ (pigz) | ✓ | ✓ |
| Post-quantum encryption | **✓ (ML-KEM-768)** | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Password encryption | AES-256 + HMAC | ✗ | ✗ | AES-256 |
| Integrity | XXH64 per-block | CRC32 | XXH64 | CRC32 |
| Recursive backup | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Zero dependencies | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| License | MIT | GPL | BSD | LGPL |
---
## Security
```
Password mode: Password → PBKDF2-SHA256 (600K iter) → enc_key + mac_key
PQ hybrid mode: Public key → ML-KEM-768 Encaps + X25519 ECDH → enc_key + mac_key
Per-block: AES-256-CTR(enc_key, nonce ⊕ seq) + HMAC-SHA256(mac_key)
```
See [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md) for threat model. See [AUDIT.md](AUDIT.md) for audit checklist.
---
## Usage
```
zupt compress [OPTIONS] <output.zupt> <files/dirs...>
zupt extract [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>
zupt list [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>
zupt test [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>
zupt keygen [-o file] [--pub] [-k privkey]
zupt bench <files/dirs...>
```
| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `-l <1-9>` | Compression level (default: 7) |
| `-t <N>` | Thread count (0=auto, 1=single, 264) |
| `-p [PW]` | Password encryption (PBKDF2) |
| `--pq <keyfile>` | Post-quantum hybrid encryption |
| `-o <DIR>` | Output directory (extract) |
| `-s` | Store without compression |
| `-f` | Fast LZ codec |
| `-v` | Verbose |
| `--solid` | Solid mode |
---
## Building
```bash
make # Linux/macOS
make test-all # 16 regression tests
sh tests/test_threaded.sh # 14 multi-threaded tests
sh tests/test_pq.sh # 10 post-quantum tests
make test-asan # AddressSanitizer
build.bat # Windows
```
---
## Roadmap
| Version | Status | Description |
|---------|--------|-------------|
| v0.5 | ✅ | Security hardening, Huffman codec fix |
| v0.6 | ✅ | Multi-threaded compression |
| v0.7 | ✅ | Post-quantum hybrid encryption (ML-KEM-768 + X25519) |
| **v1.0** | **✅ Current** | **Stable release, format frozen, security audit** |
---
## License
MIT - see [LICENSE](LICENSE).
Security vulnerabilities: see [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md).
---
© 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés - [github.com/cristiancmoises](https://github.com/cristiancmoises)

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# Security Policy
## Reporting a Vulnerability
**Do not open a public issue.** Email **ethicalhacker@riseup.net** with description, reproduction steps, and impact assessment. Response within 48 hours, fix within 30 days for critical issues.
## Encryption Modes
| Mode | Flag | Quantum-Safe | Key Type |
|------|------|-------------|----------|
| Password | `-p` | No | PBKDF2-SHA256 → AES-256 |
| PQ Hybrid | `--pq` | **Yes** | ML-KEM-768 + X25519 → AES-256 |
**Password mode is NOT quantum-safe.** It uses PBKDF2-SHA256 which provides only classical security. For protection against "harvest now, decrypt later" attacks, use `--pq` mode.
## Threat Model
**Protects against:** Stolen archives, brute-force passwords (600K PBKDF2), archive tampering (per-block HMAC-SHA256), wrong-password/key disclosure, data corruption (per-block XXH64), future quantum computers (`--pq` mode only).
**Does NOT protect against:** Known password/key, cache-timing side channels (table-based AES/SHA-256), memory forensics, traffic analysis/deniability.
## Algorithms
| Component | Algorithm | Standard |
|-----------|-----------|----------|
| Post-quantum KEM | ML-KEM-768 | FIPS 203 |
| Classical KEM | X25519 | RFC 7748 |
| Hybrid KDF | SHA3-512(ml_ss ⊕ x_ss ‖ transcript) | Custom (documented) |
| Block encryption | AES-256-CTR | FIPS 197 |
| Block authentication | HMAC-SHA256 | RFC 2104 |
| Password KDF | PBKDF2-SHA256 | RFC 8018 |
| Integrity | XXH64 | xxHash spec |
| Hashing | SHA3-256, SHA3-512, SHAKE-128/256 | FIPS 202 |
| Random | /dev/urandom / RtlGenRandom | OS CSPRNG |

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_H
#define ZUPT_H
/* Feature test macros — must precede all system includes.
* _DEFAULT_SOURCE gives us lstat() on glibc without -D_GNU_SOURCE. */
#if !defined(_DEFAULT_SOURCE) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE)
#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE 1
#endif
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#include <direct.h>
#define ZUPT_PATH_SEP '\\'
#define zupt_mkdir(p) _mkdir(p)
#else
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ZUPT_PATH_SEP '/'
#define zupt_mkdir(p) mkdir(p, 0755)
#endif
#define ZUPT_VERSION_STRING "0.7.0"
#define ZUPT_FORMAT_MAJOR 1
#define ZUPT_FORMAT_MINOR 4
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_0 0x5A
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_1 0x55
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_2 0x50
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_3 0x54
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_4 0x1A
#define ZUPT_MAGIC_5 0x00
#define ZUPT_BLOCK_MAGIC_0 0xBB
#define ZUPT_BLOCK_MAGIC_1 0x01
#define ZUPT_MAX_PATH 4096
#define ZUPT_MAX_FILES 2000000
#define ZUPT_DEFAULT_BLOCK_SZ (4 * 1024 * 1024)
#define ZUPT_MIN_BLOCK_SZ (64 * 1024)
#define ZUPT_MAX_BLOCK_SZ (256 * 1024 * 1024)
/* Global flags */
#define ZUPT_FLAG_ENCRYPTED (1u << 0)
#define ZUPT_FLAG_CKSUM_XXH64 (0u << 5)
#define ZUPT_FLAG_SOLID (1u << 1)
#define ZUPT_FLAG_MULTITHREADED (1u << 2) /* Informational: archive was produced with MT */
#define ZUPT_FLAG_PQ_HYBRID (1u << 3) /* Post-quantum hybrid encryption */
#define ZUPT_FLAG_FORMAT_STABLE (1u << 4) /* v1.0: format frozen */
/* Encryption types (stored in encryption header block) */
#define ZUPT_ENC_PBKDF2 0x01 /* Password-based: PBKDF2 → AES-256-CTR + HMAC */
#define ZUPT_ENC_PQ_HYBRID 0x02 /* ML-KEM-768 + X25519 hybrid KEM */
/* Block types */
#define ZUPT_BLOCK_DATA 0x00
#define ZUPT_BLOCK_INDEX 0x02
#define ZUPT_BLOCK_ENC_HEADER 0x03
/* Block flags */
#define ZUPT_BFLAG_ENCRYPTED (1u << 0)
/* Codec IDs */
#define ZUPT_CODEC_STORE 0x0000
#define ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZ 0x0008
#define ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZH 0x0009 /* LZ77 + Huffman */
#define ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZHP 0x000A /* LZ77 + Huffman + Byte Prediction (default) */
/* Crypto */
#define ZUPT_SALT_SIZE 32
#define ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE 16
#define ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE 32
#define ZUPT_AES_KEY_SIZE 32
#define ZUPT_KDF_ITERATIONS 600000
typedef enum {
ZUPT_OK = 0, ZUPT_ERR_IO = -1, ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT = -2,
ZUPT_ERR_BAD_MAGIC = -3, ZUPT_ERR_BAD_VERSION = -4,
ZUPT_ERR_BAD_CHECKSUM = -5, ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM = -6,
ZUPT_ERR_OVERFLOW = -7, ZUPT_ERR_INVALID = -8,
ZUPT_ERR_NOT_FOUND = -9, ZUPT_ERR_UNSUPPORTED = -10,
ZUPT_ERR_AUTH_FAIL = -11,
} zupt_error_t;
/* ─── On-disk (packed LE) ─── */
#pragma pack(push, 1)
typedef struct {
uint8_t magic[6];
uint8_t version_major, version_minor;
uint32_t global_flags;
uint64_t creation_time;
uint8_t archive_id[16];
uint64_t encryption_header_off;
uint64_t comment_offset;
uint8_t reserved[12];
} zupt_archive_header_t; /* 64 bytes */
typedef struct {
uint64_t index_offset;
uint64_t total_blocks;
uint64_t archive_checksum;
uint8_t footer_magic[4]; /* "ZEND" */
uint32_t footer_version;
} zupt_footer_t; /* 32 bytes */
#pragma pack(pop)
/* ─── In-memory ─── */
typedef struct {
char path[ZUPT_MAX_PATH];
uint64_t uncompressed_size, compressed_size;
uint64_t modification_time, content_hash;
uint64_t first_block_offset;
uint32_t block_count, attributes;
} zupt_index_entry_t;
typedef struct {
uint8_t block_type; uint16_t codec_id, block_flags;
uint64_t uncompressed_size, compressed_size, checksum;
uint8_t *payload;
} zupt_block_t;
typedef struct {
uint8_t enc_key[ZUPT_AES_KEY_SIZE];
uint8_t mac_key[ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE];
uint8_t salt[ZUPT_SALT_SIZE];
uint8_t base_nonce[ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE];
uint32_t iterations;
int active;
} zupt_keyring_t;
typedef struct {
char **paths, **arc_paths;
int count, capacity;
} zupt_filelist_t;
typedef struct {
int level; uint32_t block_size; uint16_t codec_id;
int verbose, encrypt, quiet, solid, threads;
int pq_mode; /* 1 = post-quantum hybrid KEM mode */
char password[256];
char keyfile[ZUPT_MAX_PATH]; /* Path to .zupt-key file */
zupt_keyring_t keyring;
} zupt_options_t;
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* PORTABLE LITTLE-ENDIAN SERIALIZATION
*
* All multi-byte fields in the on-disk format are stored as LE.
* These helpers ensure correct behaviour on both LE and BE hosts.
* */
static inline void zupt_le16_put(uint8_t *p, uint16_t v) {
p[0] = (uint8_t)(v & 0xFF);
p[1] = (uint8_t)((v >> 8) & 0xFF);
}
static inline void zupt_le32_put(uint8_t *p, uint32_t v) {
p[0] = (uint8_t)(v & 0xFF);
p[1] = (uint8_t)((v >> 8) & 0xFF);
p[2] = (uint8_t)((v >> 16) & 0xFF);
p[3] = (uint8_t)((v >> 24) & 0xFF);
}
static inline void zupt_le64_put(uint8_t *p, uint64_t v) {
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { p[i] = (uint8_t)(v & 0xFF); v >>= 8; }
}
static inline uint16_t zupt_le16_get(const uint8_t *p) {
return (uint16_t)((uint16_t)p[0] | ((uint16_t)p[1] << 8));
}
static inline uint32_t zupt_le32_get(const uint8_t *p) {
return (uint32_t)p[0] | ((uint32_t)p[1] << 8) |
((uint32_t)p[2] << 16) | ((uint32_t)p[3] << 24);
}
static inline uint64_t zupt_le64_get(const uint8_t *p) {
uint64_t v = 0;
for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) v = (v << 8) | p[i];
return v;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SECURE MEMORY WIPE (resists dead-store elimination by compilers)
* */
static inline void zupt_secure_wipe(void *ptr, size_t len) {
#if defined(_WIN32)
SecureZeroMemory(ptr, len);
#elif (defined(__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ > 2 || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 25)))
extern void explicit_bzero(void *, size_t);
explicit_bzero(ptr, len);
#elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
extern void explicit_bzero(void *, size_t);
explicit_bzero(ptr, len);
#else
volatile uint8_t *vp = (volatile uint8_t *)ptr;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) vp[i] = 0;
#endif
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* REGULAR-FILE CHECK (skip symlinks, devices, FIFOs, sockets)
* */
static inline int zupt_is_regular_file(const char *path) {
#ifdef _WIN32
DWORD attr = GetFileAttributesA(path);
if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) return 0;
return !(attr & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE |
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT));
#else
struct stat st;
if (lstat(path, &st) != 0) return 0;
return S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
#endif
}
/* ─── Solid-mode compression ─── */
zupt_error_t zupt_compress_solid(const char *out, const char **arc, const char **disk, int n, zupt_options_t *opts);
/* ─── SHA-256 ─── */
typedef struct { uint32_t state[8]; uint64_t count; uint8_t buf[64]; } zupt_sha256_ctx;
void zupt_sha256_init(zupt_sha256_ctx *c);
void zupt_sha256_update(zupt_sha256_ctx *c, const uint8_t *d, size_t n);
void zupt_sha256_final(zupt_sha256_ctx *c, uint8_t h[32]);
void zupt_sha256(const uint8_t *d, size_t n, uint8_t h[32]);
/* ─── AES-256 ─── */
typedef struct { uint32_t rk[60]; } zupt_aes256_ctx;
void zupt_aes256_init(zupt_aes256_ctx *c, const uint8_t key[32]);
void zupt_aes256_encrypt_block(const zupt_aes256_ctx *c, const uint8_t in[16], uint8_t out[16]);
/* ─── Crypto ops ─── */
void zupt_hmac_sha256(const uint8_t *key, size_t klen, const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen, uint8_t mac[32]);
void zupt_pbkdf2_sha256(const uint8_t *pw, size_t pwlen, const uint8_t *salt, size_t slen, uint32_t iter, uint8_t *out, size_t olen);
void zupt_aes256_ctr(const uint8_t key[32], const uint8_t nonce[16], const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t len);
void zupt_derive_keys(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *pw, const uint8_t salt[32], const uint8_t nonce[16], uint32_t iter);
uint8_t *zupt_encrypt_buffer(const zupt_keyring_t *kr, const uint8_t *plain, size_t plen, uint64_t seq, size_t *olen);
uint8_t *zupt_decrypt_buffer(const zupt_keyring_t *kr, const uint8_t *pkg, size_t pkglen, uint64_t seq, size_t *olen);
void zupt_random_bytes(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
/* ─── XXH64 ─── */
uint64_t zupt_xxh64(const void *data, size_t len, uint64_t seed);
/* ─── LZ ─── */
size_t zupt_lz_compress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen, uint8_t *dst, size_t dcap, int level);
size_t zupt_lz_decompress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen, uint8_t *dst, size_t dlen);
size_t zupt_lz_bound(size_t slen);
/* ─── LZH (LZ77 + Huffman) ─── */
size_t zupt_lzh_compress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen, uint8_t *dst, size_t dcap, int level);
size_t zupt_lzh_decompress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen, uint8_t *dst, size_t dlen);
size_t zupt_lzh_bound(size_t slen);
/* ─── Byte Prediction (order-1 context transform) ─── */
void zupt_predict_build(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t prediction[256]);
void zupt_predict_encode(const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t len, const uint8_t pred[256]);
void zupt_predict_decode(const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t len, const uint8_t pred[256]);
float zupt_predict_benefit(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
/* ─── Format I/O ─── */
int zupt_write_varint(FILE *f, uint64_t v);
int zupt_read_varint(FILE *f, uint64_t *v);
int zupt_encode_varint(uint8_t *b, uint64_t v);
int zupt_decode_varint(const uint8_t *b, size_t blen, uint64_t *v);
void zupt_filelist_init(zupt_filelist_t *fl);
void zupt_filelist_free(zupt_filelist_t *fl);
void zupt_filelist_add(zupt_filelist_t *fl, const char *disk_path, const char *arc_path);
void zupt_collect_files(zupt_filelist_t *fl, const char *path, const char *base);
zupt_error_t zupt_compress_files(const char *out, const char **arc, const char **disk, int n, zupt_options_t *opts);
zupt_error_t zupt_extract_archive(const char *arc, const char *dir, zupt_options_t *opts);
zupt_error_t zupt_list_archive(const char *arc, zupt_options_t *opts);
zupt_error_t zupt_test_archive(const char *arc, zupt_options_t *opts);
/* ─── Hybrid PQ KEM (ML-KEM-768 + X25519) ─── */
int zupt_hybrid_keygen(const char *keyfile);
int zupt_hybrid_export_pubkey(const char *privfile, const char *pubfile);
int zupt_hybrid_encrypt_init(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *pubkeyfile,
uint8_t *enc_hdr, size_t *enc_hdr_len);
int zupt_hybrid_decrypt_init(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *privkeyfile,
const uint8_t *enc_hdr, size_t enc_hdr_len);
const char *zupt_strerror(zupt_error_t e);
const char *zupt_codec_name(uint16_t id);
void zupt_default_options(zupt_options_t *o);
void zupt_format_size(uint64_t bytes, char *buf, size_t cap);
#endif

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/*
* ZUPT - AES-256 Block Cipher (FIPS 197)
* Pure C, constant-time T-table implementation.
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <string.h>
/* ─── S-Box ─── */
static const uint8_t SBOX[256] = {
0x63,0x7c,0x77,0x7b,0xf2,0x6b,0x6f,0xc5,0x30,0x01,0x67,0x2b,0xfe,0xd7,0xab,0x76,
0xca,0x82,0xc9,0x7d,0xfa,0x59,0x47,0xf0,0xad,0xd4,0xa2,0xaf,0x9c,0xa4,0x72,0xc0,
0xb7,0xfd,0x93,0x26,0x36,0x3f,0xf7,0xcc,0x34,0xa5,0xe5,0xf1,0x71,0xd8,0x31,0x15,
0x04,0xc7,0x23,0xc3,0x18,0x96,0x05,0x9a,0x07,0x12,0x80,0xe2,0xeb,0x27,0xb2,0x75,
0x09,0x83,0x2c,0x1a,0x1b,0x6e,0x5a,0xa0,0x52,0x3b,0xd6,0xb3,0x29,0xe3,0x2f,0x84,
0x53,0xd1,0x00,0xed,0x20,0xfc,0xb1,0x5b,0x6a,0xcb,0xbe,0x39,0x4a,0x4c,0x58,0xcf,
0xd0,0xef,0xaa,0xfb,0x43,0x4d,0x33,0x85,0x45,0xf9,0x02,0x7f,0x50,0x3c,0x9f,0xa8,
0x51,0xa3,0x40,0x8f,0x92,0x9d,0x38,0xf5,0xbc,0xb6,0xda,0x21,0x10,0xff,0xf3,0xd2,
0xcd,0x0c,0x13,0xec,0x5f,0x97,0x44,0x17,0xc4,0xa7,0x7e,0x3d,0x64,0x5d,0x19,0x73,
0x60,0x81,0x4f,0xdc,0x22,0x2a,0x90,0x88,0x46,0xee,0xb8,0x14,0xde,0x5e,0x0b,0xdb,
0xe0,0x32,0x3a,0x0a,0x49,0x06,0x24,0x5c,0xc2,0xd3,0xac,0x62,0x91,0x95,0xe4,0x79,
0xe7,0xc8,0x37,0x6d,0x8d,0xd5,0x4e,0xa9,0x6c,0x56,0xf4,0xea,0x65,0x7a,0xae,0x08,
0xba,0x78,0x25,0x2e,0x1c,0xa6,0xb4,0xc6,0xe8,0xdd,0x74,0x1f,0x4b,0xbd,0x8b,0x8a,
0x70,0x3e,0xb5,0x66,0x48,0x03,0xf6,0x0e,0x61,0x35,0x57,0xb9,0x86,0xc1,0x1d,0x9e,
0xe1,0xf8,0x98,0x11,0x69,0xd9,0x8e,0x94,0x9b,0x1e,0x87,0xe9,0xce,0x55,0x28,0xdf,
0x8c,0xa1,0x89,0x0d,0xbf,0xe6,0x42,0x68,0x41,0x99,0x2d,0x0f,0xb0,0x54,0xbb,0x16,
};
static const uint8_t RCON[11] = {0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x1b,0x36};
/* ─── GF(2^8) multiply ─── */
static inline uint8_t xtime(uint8_t x) { return (x<<1)^(((x>>7)&1)*0x1b); }
static inline uint8_t gmul(uint8_t a, uint8_t b) {
uint8_t r=0;
for (int i=0;i<8;i++) { if (b&1) r^=a; a=xtime(a); b>>=1; }
return r;
}
/* ─── Key Expansion (AES-256: 14 rounds, 60 round-key words) ─── */
void zupt_aes256_init(zupt_aes256_ctx *c, const uint8_t key[32]) {
uint32_t *rk = c->rk;
for (int i=0;i<8;i++)
rk[i] = ((uint32_t)key[4*i]<<24)|((uint32_t)key[4*i+1]<<16)|
((uint32_t)key[4*i+2]<<8)|key[4*i+3];
for (int i=8;i<60;i++) {
uint32_t t = rk[i-1];
if (i%8==0) {
t = ((uint32_t)SBOX[(t>>16)&0xFF]<<24)|((uint32_t)SBOX[(t>>8)&0xFF]<<16)|
((uint32_t)SBOX[t&0xFF]<<8)|SBOX[t>>24];
t ^= (uint32_t)RCON[i/8]<<24;
} else if (i%8==4) {
t = ((uint32_t)SBOX[t>>24]<<24)|((uint32_t)SBOX[(t>>16)&0xFF]<<16)|
((uint32_t)SBOX[(t>>8)&0xFF]<<8)|SBOX[t&0xFF];
}
rk[i] = rk[i-8]^t;
}
}
/* ─── Single block encryption ─── */
void zupt_aes256_encrypt_block(const zupt_aes256_ctx *c, const uint8_t in[16], uint8_t out[16]) {
uint8_t s[16];
const uint32_t *rk = c->rk;
/* AddRoundKey(0) */
for (int i=0;i<16;i++)
s[i] = in[i]^(uint8_t)(rk[i/4]>>((3-i%4)*8));
/* Rounds 1-13 */
for (int r=1;r<=13;r++) {
uint8_t t[16];
/* SubBytes */
for (int i=0;i<16;i++) t[i]=SBOX[s[i]];
/* ShiftRows */
uint8_t u[16];
u[0]=t[0]; u[1]=t[5]; u[2]=t[10]; u[3]=t[15];
u[4]=t[4]; u[5]=t[9]; u[6]=t[14]; u[7]=t[3];
u[8]=t[8]; u[9]=t[13]; u[10]=t[2]; u[11]=t[7];
u[12]=t[12]; u[13]=t[1]; u[14]=t[6]; u[15]=t[11];
/* MixColumns */
for (int col=0;col<4;col++) {
uint8_t a0=u[col*4],a1=u[col*4+1],a2=u[col*4+2],a3=u[col*4+3];
s[col*4+0]=gmul(a0,2)^gmul(a1,3)^a2^a3;
s[col*4+1]=a0^gmul(a1,2)^gmul(a2,3)^a3;
s[col*4+2]=a0^a1^gmul(a2,2)^gmul(a3,3);
s[col*4+3]=gmul(a0,3)^a1^a2^gmul(a3,2);
}
/* AddRoundKey */
for (int i=0;i<16;i++)
s[i] ^= (uint8_t)(rk[r*4+i/4]>>((3-i%4)*8));
}
/* Round 14 (no MixColumns) */
{
uint8_t t[16];
for (int i=0;i<16;i++) t[i]=SBOX[s[i]];
uint8_t u[16];
u[0]=t[0]; u[1]=t[5]; u[2]=t[10]; u[3]=t[15];
u[4]=t[4]; u[5]=t[9]; u[6]=t[14]; u[7]=t[3];
u[8]=t[8]; u[9]=t[13]; u[10]=t[2]; u[11]=t[7];
u[12]=t[12]; u[13]=t[1]; u[14]=t[6]; u[15]=t[11];
for (int i=0;i<16;i++)
out[i] = u[i]^(uint8_t)(rk[56+i/4]>>((3-i%4)*8));
}
}

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* Cryptographic operations:
* - HMAC-SHA256, PBKDF2, AES-256-CTR, Encrypt-then-MAC (v0.2+)
* - Hybrid PQ KEM: ML-KEM-768 + X25519 (v0.7.0)
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include "zupt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* RANDOM BYTES (OS-native CSPRNG NO FALLBACK)
*
* If the OS CSPRNG is unavailable, this aborts. Using rand() would
* make salt/nonce predictable and destroy all security guarantees.
* */
void zupt_random_bytes(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
#ifdef _WIN32
/* Windows: RtlGenRandom (SystemFunction036) */
HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryA("advapi32.dll");
if (lib) {
typedef BOOLEAN(WINAPI *RtlGenRandomFunc)(PVOID, ULONG);
RtlGenRandomFunc fn = (RtlGenRandomFunc)(void(*)(void))GetProcAddress(lib, "SystemFunction036");
if (fn && fn(buf, (ULONG)len)) { FreeLibrary(lib); return; }
FreeLibrary(lib);
}
fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: Windows CSPRNG (RtlGenRandom) unavailable.\n");
exit(1);
#else
/* Linux/macOS/BSD: try getrandom(2) first, then /dev/urandom */
#if defined(__linux__) && defined(SYS_getrandom)
#include <sys/syscall.h>
ssize_t r = syscall(SYS_getrandom, buf, len, 0);
if (r == (ssize_t)len) return;
#endif
FILE *f = fopen("/dev/urandom", "rb");
if (f) {
size_t r = fread(buf, 1, len, f);
fclose(f);
if (r == len) return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: /dev/urandom unavailable. Cannot generate secure random bytes.\n");
exit(1);
#endif
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* HMAC-SHA256 (RFC 2104)
* */
void zupt_hmac_sha256(const uint8_t *key, size_t klen,
const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen,
uint8_t mac[32]) {
uint8_t k_pad[64];
uint8_t k_hash[32];
/* If key > 64 bytes, hash it first */
if (klen > 64) {
zupt_sha256(key, klen, k_hash);
key = k_hash; klen = 32;
}
/* ipad = key XOR 0x36 */
memset(k_pad, 0x36, 64);
for (size_t i = 0; i < klen; i++) k_pad[i] ^= key[i];
/* inner = SHA256(ipad || data) */
zupt_sha256_ctx ctx;
zupt_sha256_init(&ctx);
zupt_sha256_update(&ctx, k_pad, 64);
zupt_sha256_update(&ctx, data, dlen);
uint8_t inner[32];
zupt_sha256_final(&ctx, inner);
/* opad = key XOR 0x5c */
memset(k_pad, 0x5c, 64);
for (size_t i = 0; i < klen; i++) k_pad[i] ^= key[i];
/* mac = SHA256(opad || inner) */
zupt_sha256_init(&ctx);
zupt_sha256_update(&ctx, k_pad, 64);
zupt_sha256_update(&ctx, inner, 32);
zupt_sha256_final(&ctx, mac);
/* Wipe sensitive data */
zupt_secure_wipe(k_pad, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(inner, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(k_hash, 32);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 (RFC 8018)
* */
void zupt_pbkdf2_sha256(const uint8_t *pw, size_t pwlen,
const uint8_t *salt, size_t slen,
uint32_t iterations,
uint8_t *output, size_t olen) {
/* Clamp salt length to fit in the stack buffer.
* ZUPT always passes ZUPT_SALT_SIZE (32) so this is a safety net. */
size_t effective_slen = slen;
if (effective_slen > 252) effective_slen = 252;
uint32_t block_num = 1;
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < olen) {
/* U_1 = HMAC(pw, salt || INT_32_BE(block_num)) */
uint8_t salt_block[256];
memcpy(salt_block, salt, effective_slen);
salt_block[effective_slen+0] = (uint8_t)(block_num >> 24);
salt_block[effective_slen+1] = (uint8_t)(block_num >> 16);
salt_block[effective_slen+2] = (uint8_t)(block_num >> 8);
salt_block[effective_slen+3] = (uint8_t)(block_num);
uint8_t u[32], t[32];
zupt_hmac_sha256(pw, pwlen, salt_block, effective_slen + 4, u);
memcpy(t, u, 32);
/* U_2 .. U_c: XOR chain */
for (uint32_t i = 1; i < iterations; i++) {
zupt_hmac_sha256(pw, pwlen, u, 32, u);
for (int j = 0; j < 32; j++) t[j] ^= u[j];
}
/* Copy to output */
size_t chunk = olen - pos;
if (chunk > 32) chunk = 32;
memcpy(output + pos, t, chunk);
pos += chunk;
block_num++;
/* Wipe per-block intermediates */
zupt_secure_wipe(u, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(t, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(salt_block, sizeof(salt_block));
}
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* AES-256-CTR MODE
* */
void zupt_aes256_ctr(const uint8_t key[32], const uint8_t nonce[16],
const uint8_t *in, uint8_t *out, size_t len) {
zupt_aes256_ctx ctx;
zupt_aes256_init(&ctx, key);
uint8_t counter[16], keystream[16];
memcpy(counter, nonce, 16);
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < len) {
zupt_aes256_encrypt_block(&ctx, counter, keystream);
size_t chunk = len - pos;
if (chunk > 16) chunk = 16;
for (size_t i = 0; i < chunk; i++)
out[pos + i] = in[pos + i] ^ keystream[i];
pos += chunk;
/* Increment counter (big-endian, last 8 bytes) */
for (int i = 15; i >= 8; i--) {
if (++counter[i] != 0) break;
}
}
zupt_secure_wipe(&ctx, sizeof(ctx));
zupt_secure_wipe(keystream, 16);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* KEY DERIVATION
* */
void zupt_derive_keys(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *pw,
const uint8_t salt[32], const uint8_t nonce[16],
uint32_t iterations) {
memcpy(kr->salt, salt, ZUPT_SALT_SIZE);
memcpy(kr->base_nonce, nonce, ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE);
kr->iterations = iterations;
kr->active = 1;
/* Derive 64 bytes: 32 enc_key + 32 mac_key */
uint8_t material[64];
zupt_pbkdf2_sha256((const uint8_t *)pw, strlen(pw),
salt, ZUPT_SALT_SIZE,
iterations, material, 64);
memcpy(kr->enc_key, material, 32);
memcpy(kr->mac_key, material + 32, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(material, 64);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* ENCRYPT-THEN-MAC
*
* Output format: [16-byte per-block nonce] [ciphertext] [32-byte HMAC]
* The HMAC covers the nonce and ciphertext.
* Per-block nonce = base_nonce XOR (block_seq as LE 8 bytes in low half)
* */
uint8_t *zupt_encrypt_buffer(const zupt_keyring_t *kr,
const uint8_t *plain, size_t plen,
uint64_t block_seq, size_t *olen) {
*olen = ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE + plen + ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE;
uint8_t *pkg = (uint8_t *)malloc(*olen);
if (!pkg) return NULL;
/* Derive per-block nonce */
uint8_t nonce[16];
memcpy(nonce, kr->base_nonce, 16);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
nonce[i] ^= (uint8_t)(block_seq >> (i * 8));
/* Store nonce */
memcpy(pkg, nonce, 16);
/* Encrypt */
zupt_aes256_ctr(kr->enc_key, nonce, plain, pkg + 16, plen);
/* MAC over nonce + ciphertext */
zupt_hmac_sha256(kr->mac_key, ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE,
pkg, 16 + plen,
pkg + 16 + plen);
return pkg;
}
uint8_t *zupt_decrypt_buffer(const zupt_keyring_t *kr,
const uint8_t *pkg, size_t pkglen,
uint64_t block_seq, size_t *olen) {
(void)block_seq;
if (pkglen < ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE + ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE) return NULL;
size_t clen = pkglen - ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE - ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE;
*olen = clen;
/* Verify HMAC — constant-time comparison via XOR accumulation */
uint8_t expected_mac[32];
zupt_hmac_sha256(kr->mac_key, ZUPT_HMAC_SIZE,
pkg, ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE + clen,
expected_mac);
const uint8_t *stored_mac = pkg + ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE + clen;
uint8_t diff = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
diff |= (expected_mac[i] ^ stored_mac[i]);
zupt_secure_wipe(expected_mac, 32);
if (diff != 0) return NULL; /* Authentication failed */
/* Decrypt */
uint8_t *plain = (uint8_t *)malloc(clen);
if (!plain) return NULL;
const uint8_t *nonce = pkg;
zupt_aes256_ctr(kr->enc_key, nonce, pkg + 16, plain, clen);
return plain;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* HYBRID POST-QUANTUM KEM: ML-KEM-768 + X25519 (v0.7.0)
*
* Security model: Secure if EITHER ML-KEM-768 OR X25519 is secure.
* Same approach as Signal (PQXDH), iMessage (PQ3), OpenSSH 9.0+.
*
* Key file format (.zupt-key):
* [4B] magic "ZKEY"
* [1B] version 0x01
* [1B] flags: bit0=has_private
* [2B] reserved
* [1184B] ml_kem_pk
* [32B] x25519_pk
* [2400B] ml_kem_sk (only if has_private)
* [32B] x25519_sk (only if has_private)
* [8B] xxh64 checksum of all above
* */
#include "zupt_mlkem.h"
#include "zupt_x25519.h"
#include "zupt_keccak.h"
#define ZKEY_MAGIC "ZKEY"
#define ZKEY_VERSION 0x01
#define ZKEY_FLAG_PRIVATE 0x01
#define ZKEY_PUB_SIZE (8 + 1184 + 32) /* header + ml_kem_pk + x25519_pk */
#define ZKEY_PRIV_SIZE (8 + 1184 + 32 + 2400 + 32) /* + ml_kem_sk + x25519_sk */
int zupt_hybrid_keygen(const char *keyfile) {
uint8_t ml_pk[MLKEM_PUBLICKEYBYTES], ml_sk[MLKEM_SECRETKEYBYTES];
uint8_t x_sk[32], x_pk[32];
/* Generate ML-KEM-768 keypair */
if (zupt_mlkem768_keygen(ml_pk, ml_sk) != 0) return -1;
/* Generate X25519 keypair */
zupt_random_bytes(x_sk, 32);
zupt_x25519_base(x_pk, x_sk);
/* Write private key file */
FILE *f = fopen(keyfile, "wb");
if (!f) return -1;
size_t total = ZKEY_PRIV_SIZE;
uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *)calloc(total + 8, 1); /* +8 for checksum */
if (!buf) { fclose(f); return -1; }
memcpy(buf, ZKEY_MAGIC, 4);
buf[4] = ZKEY_VERSION;
buf[5] = ZKEY_FLAG_PRIVATE;
buf[6] = buf[7] = 0; /* reserved */
memcpy(buf + 8, ml_pk, 1184);
memcpy(buf + 8 + 1184, x_pk, 32);
memcpy(buf + 8 + 1184 + 32, ml_sk, 2400);
memcpy(buf + 8 + 1184 + 32 + 2400, x_sk, 32);
/* Checksum */
uint64_t ck = zupt_xxh64(buf, total, 0);
zupt_le64_put(buf + total, ck);
size_t written = fwrite(buf, 1, total + 8, f);
fclose(f);
zupt_secure_wipe(ml_sk, sizeof(ml_sk));
zupt_secure_wipe(x_sk, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(buf, total + 8);
free(buf);
return (written == total + 8) ? 0 : -1;
}
int zupt_hybrid_export_pubkey(const char *privfile, const char *pubfile) {
FILE *f = fopen(privfile, "rb");
if (!f) return -1;
uint8_t hdr[8];
if (fread(hdr, 1, 8, f) != 8 || memcmp(hdr, ZKEY_MAGIC, 4) != 0 ||
!(hdr[5] & ZKEY_FLAG_PRIVATE)) {
fclose(f); return -1;
}
uint8_t pk_data[1184 + 32];
if (fread(pk_data, 1, 1216, f) != 1216) { fclose(f); return -1; }
fclose(f);
/* Write public key file */
FILE *out = fopen(pubfile, "wb");
if (!out) return -1;
size_t total = ZKEY_PUB_SIZE;
uint8_t buf[ZKEY_PUB_SIZE + 8];
memcpy(buf, ZKEY_MAGIC, 4);
buf[4] = ZKEY_VERSION;
buf[5] = 0; /* no private key */
buf[6] = buf[7] = 0;
memcpy(buf + 8, pk_data, 1216);
uint64_t ck = zupt_xxh64(buf, total, 0);
zupt_le64_put(buf + total, ck);
size_t written = fwrite(buf, 1, total + 8, out);
fclose(out);
return (written == total + 8) ? 0 : -1;
}
/* Read public key from a .zupt-key file (works for both pub and priv files) */
static int read_pubkey(const char *path, uint8_t ml_pk[1184], uint8_t x_pk[32]) {
FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
if (!f) return -1;
uint8_t hdr[8];
if (fread(hdr, 1, 8, f) != 8 || memcmp(hdr, ZKEY_MAGIC, 4) != 0) {
fclose(f); return -1;
}
if (fread(ml_pk, 1, 1184, f) != 1184) { fclose(f); return -1; }
if (fread(x_pk, 1, 32, f) != 32) { fclose(f); return -1; }
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
/* Read private key from a .zupt-key file */
static int read_privkey(const char *path, uint8_t ml_pk[1184], uint8_t x_pk[32],
uint8_t ml_sk[2400], uint8_t x_sk[32]) {
FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
if (!f) return -1;
uint8_t hdr[8];
if (fread(hdr, 1, 8, f) != 8 || memcmp(hdr, ZKEY_MAGIC, 4) != 0 ||
!(hdr[5] & ZKEY_FLAG_PRIVATE)) {
fclose(f); return -1;
}
if (fread(ml_pk, 1, 1184, f) != 1184) { fclose(f); return -1; }
if (fread(x_pk, 1, 32, f) != 32) { fclose(f); return -1; }
if (fread(ml_sk, 1, 2400, f) != 2400) { fclose(f); return -1; }
if (fread(x_sk, 1, 32, f) != 32) { fclose(f); return -1; }
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
/*
* HYBRID ENCRYPT INIT: Encapsulate with ML-KEM + X25519, derive archive keys.
*
* enc_hdr output (1121 bytes):
* [1B] enc_type = 0x02 (PQ-Hybrid)
* [1088B] ml_kem_ciphertext
* [32B] ephemeral_x25519_pubkey
*
* Key derivation:
* hybrid_ikm = ml_kem_ss XOR x25519_ss
* archive_key[64] = SHA-256(hybrid_ikm ml_kem_ct ephemeral_pk "ZUPT-HYBRID-v1")
* enc_key = archive_key[0:32], mac_key = archive_key[32:64]
*/
int zupt_hybrid_encrypt_init(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *pubkeyfile,
uint8_t *enc_hdr, size_t *enc_hdr_len) {
uint8_t ml_pk[1184], x_pk[32];
if (read_pubkey(pubkeyfile, ml_pk, x_pk) != 0) return -1;
/* ML-KEM-768 encapsulation */
uint8_t ml_ct[1088], ml_ss[32];
if (zupt_mlkem768_encaps(ml_ct, ml_ss, ml_pk) != 0) return -1;
/* X25519 ECDH */
uint8_t eph_sk[32], eph_pk[32], x_ss[32];
zupt_random_bytes(eph_sk, 32);
zupt_x25519_base(eph_pk, eph_sk);
zupt_x25519(x_ss, eph_sk, x_pk);
/* Hybrid shared secret: XOR then hash with transcript */
uint8_t hybrid_ikm[32];
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) hybrid_ikm[i] = ml_ss[i] ^ x_ss[i];
/* archive_key = SHA-256(hybrid_ikm ‖ ml_ct ‖ eph_pk ‖ "ZUPT-HYBRID-v1") */
/* We need 64 bytes, so use SHA3-512 instead of SHA-256 */
uint8_t kdf_input[32 + 1088 + 32 + 15];
memcpy(kdf_input, hybrid_ikm, 32);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32, ml_ct, 1088);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32 + 1088, eph_pk, 32);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32 + 1088 + 32, "ZUPT-HYBRID-v1", 15);
uint8_t archive_key[64];
zupt_sha3_512(kdf_input, sizeof(kdf_input), archive_key);
/* Set up keyring */
memcpy(kr->enc_key, archive_key, 32);
memcpy(kr->mac_key, archive_key + 32, 32);
zupt_random_bytes(kr->base_nonce, ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE);
kr->iterations = 0;
kr->active = 1;
/* Build encryption header: enc_type(1) + ml_ct(1088) + eph_pk(32) + base_nonce(16) */
enc_hdr[0] = ZUPT_ENC_PQ_HYBRID;
memcpy(enc_hdr + 1, ml_ct, 1088);
memcpy(enc_hdr + 1 + 1088, eph_pk, 32);
memcpy(enc_hdr + 1 + 1088 + 32, kr->base_nonce, 16);
*enc_hdr_len = 1 + 1088 + 32 + 16; /* 1137 bytes */
/* Wipe all intermediates */
zupt_secure_wipe(ml_ss, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(x_ss, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(eph_sk, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(hybrid_ikm, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(kdf_input, sizeof(kdf_input));
zupt_secure_wipe(archive_key, 64);
return 0;
}
/*
* HYBRID DECRYPT INIT: Decapsulate with ML-KEM + X25519, derive archive keys.
*/
int zupt_hybrid_decrypt_init(zupt_keyring_t *kr, const char *privkeyfile,
const uint8_t *enc_hdr, size_t enc_hdr_len) {
if (enc_hdr_len < 1 + 1088 + 32 + 16) return -1; /* enc_type + ct + eph_pk + nonce */
if (enc_hdr[0] != ZUPT_ENC_PQ_HYBRID) return -1;
const uint8_t *ml_ct = enc_hdr + 1;
const uint8_t *eph_pk = enc_hdr + 1 + 1088;
const uint8_t *nonce = enc_hdr + 1 + 1088 + 32;
uint8_t ml_pk[1184], x_pk[32], ml_sk[2400], x_sk[32];
if (read_privkey(privkeyfile, ml_pk, x_pk, ml_sk, x_sk) != 0) return -1;
/* ML-KEM-768 decapsulation */
uint8_t ml_ss[32];
zupt_mlkem768_decaps(ml_ss, ml_ct, ml_sk);
/* X25519 ECDH with ephemeral pubkey */
uint8_t x_ss[32];
zupt_x25519(x_ss, x_sk, eph_pk);
/* Same key derivation as encrypt */
uint8_t hybrid_ikm[32];
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) hybrid_ikm[i] = ml_ss[i] ^ x_ss[i];
uint8_t kdf_input[32 + 1088 + 32 + 15];
memcpy(kdf_input, hybrid_ikm, 32);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32, ml_ct, 1088);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32 + 1088, eph_pk, 32);
memcpy(kdf_input + 32 + 1088 + 32, "ZUPT-HYBRID-v1", 15);
uint8_t archive_key[64];
zupt_sha3_512(kdf_input, sizeof(kdf_input), archive_key);
memcpy(kr->enc_key, archive_key, 32);
memcpy(kr->mac_key, archive_key + 32, 32);
memcpy(kr->base_nonce, nonce, ZUPT_NONCE_SIZE); /* Read from enc_hdr, NOT random */
kr->iterations = 0;
kr->active = 1;
zupt_secure_wipe(ml_sk, sizeof(ml_sk));
zupt_secure_wipe(x_sk, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(ml_ss, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(x_ss, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(hybrid_ikm, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(kdf_input, sizeof(kdf_input));
zupt_secure_wipe(archive_key, 64);
return 0;
}

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* Keccak-f[1600] permutation with SHA3-256, SHA3-512, SHAKE-128, SHAKE-256.
* Implements FIPS 202 (SHA-3 Standard).
* Required by ML-KEM-768 (FIPS 203) for hashing and sampling.
*/
#include "zupt_keccak.h"
#include <string.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* KECCAK-f[1600] ROUND CONSTANTS
* */
static const uint64_t KECCAK_RC[24] = {
UINT64_C(0x0000000000000001), UINT64_C(0x0000000000008082),
UINT64_C(0x800000000000808A), UINT64_C(0x8000000080008000),
UINT64_C(0x000000000000808B), UINT64_C(0x0000000080000001),
UINT64_C(0x8000000080008081), UINT64_C(0x8000000000008009),
UINT64_C(0x000000000000008A), UINT64_C(0x0000000000000088),
UINT64_C(0x0000000080008009), UINT64_C(0x000000008000000A),
UINT64_C(0x000000008000808B), UINT64_C(0x800000000000008B),
UINT64_C(0x8000000000008089), UINT64_C(0x8000000000008003),
UINT64_C(0x8000000000008002), UINT64_C(0x8000000000000080),
UINT64_C(0x000000000000800A), UINT64_C(0x800000008000000A),
UINT64_C(0x8000000080008081), UINT64_C(0x8000000000008080),
UINT64_C(0x0000000080000001), UINT64_C(0x8000000080008008)
};
/* Rotation offsets per FIPS 202 */
static const int KECCAK_ROT[25] = {
0, 1, 62, 28, 27,
36, 44, 6, 55, 20,
3, 10, 43, 25, 39,
41, 45, 15, 21, 8,
18, 2, 61, 56, 14
};
/* Pi permutation indices */
static const int KECCAK_PI[25] = {
0, 10, 20, 5, 15,
16, 1, 11, 21, 6,
7, 17, 2, 12, 22,
23, 8, 18, 3, 13,
14, 24, 9, 19, 4
};
#define ROL64(x, n) (((x) << (n)) | ((x) >> (64 - (n))))
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* KECCAK-f[1600] PERMUTATION (24 rounds)
* */
static void keccakf(uint64_t st[25]) {
for (int round = 0; round < 24; round++) {
uint64_t bc[5], t;
/* θ (theta) */
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
bc[i] = st[i] ^ st[i+5] ^ st[i+10] ^ st[i+15] ^ st[i+20];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
t = bc[(i+4)%5] ^ ROL64(bc[(i+1)%5], 1);
for (int j = 0; j < 25; j += 5) st[j+i] ^= t;
}
/* ρ (rho) + π (pi) */
uint64_t tmp[25];
for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++)
tmp[KECCAK_PI[i]] = ROL64(st[i], KECCAK_ROT[i]);
/* χ (chi) */
for (int j = 0; j < 25; j += 5)
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
st[j+i] = tmp[j+i] ^ ((~tmp[j+(i+1)%5]) & tmp[j+(i+2)%5]);
/* ι (iota) */
st[0] ^= KECCAK_RC[round];
}
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SPONGE CONSTRUCTION
* */
static void keccak_init(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, size_t rate, uint8_t dsuf) {
memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
ctx->rate = rate;
ctx->dsuf = dsuf;
}
static void keccak_absorb(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
size_t i = 0;
while (i < len) {
size_t avail = ctx->rate - ctx->pt;
size_t chunk = (len - i) < avail ? (len - i) : avail;
for (size_t j = 0; j < chunk; j++)
ctx->buf[ctx->pt + j] = data[i + j];
ctx->pt += chunk;
i += chunk;
if (ctx->pt == ctx->rate) {
/* XOR buffer into state (little-endian lanes) */
for (size_t k = 0; k < ctx->rate / 8; k++) {
uint64_t lane = 0;
for (int b = 7; b >= 0; b--)
lane = (lane << 8) | ctx->buf[k*8 + b];
ctx->st[k] ^= lane;
}
keccakf(ctx->st);
ctx->pt = 0;
}
}
}
static void keccak_finalize(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx) {
/* Pad: domain suffix + 10*1 padding */
ctx->buf[ctx->pt] = ctx->dsuf;
memset(ctx->buf + ctx->pt + 1, 0, ctx->rate - ctx->pt - 1);
ctx->buf[ctx->rate - 1] |= 0x80;
/* XOR final block into state */
for (size_t k = 0; k < ctx->rate / 8; k++) {
uint64_t lane = 0;
for (int b = 7; b >= 0; b--)
lane = (lane << 8) | ctx->buf[k*8 + b];
ctx->st[k] ^= lane;
}
keccakf(ctx->st);
ctx->pt = 0;
}
static void keccak_squeeze(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out, size_t len) {
size_t i = 0;
while (i < len) {
if (ctx->pt == ctx->rate) {
keccakf(ctx->st);
ctx->pt = 0;
}
/* Extract bytes from state (little-endian) */
size_t avail = ctx->rate - ctx->pt;
size_t chunk = (len - i) < avail ? (len - i) : avail;
for (size_t j = 0; j < chunk; j++) {
size_t byte_idx = ctx->pt + j;
out[i + j] = (uint8_t)(ctx->st[byte_idx / 8] >> (8 * (byte_idx % 8)));
}
ctx->pt += chunk;
i += chunk;
}
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SHA3-256: rate=136 bytes (1088 bits), capacity=512 bits
* */
void zupt_sha3_256(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t out[32]) {
zupt_keccak_ctx ctx;
keccak_init(&ctx, 136, 0x06); /* SHA3 domain suffix */
keccak_absorb(&ctx, data, len);
keccak_finalize(&ctx);
keccak_squeeze(&ctx, out, 32);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SHA3-512: rate=72 bytes (576 bits), capacity=1024 bits
* */
void zupt_sha3_512(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t out[64]) {
zupt_keccak_ctx ctx;
keccak_init(&ctx, 72, 0x06);
keccak_absorb(&ctx, data, len);
keccak_finalize(&ctx);
keccak_squeeze(&ctx, out, 64);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SHAKE-128: rate=168 bytes (1344 bits)
* */
void zupt_shake128(const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen, uint8_t *out, size_t olen) {
zupt_keccak_ctx ctx;
keccak_init(&ctx, 168, 0x1F); /* SHAKE domain suffix */
keccak_absorb(&ctx, data, dlen);
keccak_finalize(&ctx);
keccak_squeeze(&ctx, out, olen);
}
void zupt_shake128_init(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx) { keccak_init(ctx, 168, 0x1F); }
void zupt_shake128_absorb(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
keccak_absorb(ctx, data, len);
}
void zupt_shake128_finalize(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx) { keccak_finalize(ctx); }
void zupt_shake128_squeeze(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out, size_t len) {
keccak_squeeze(ctx, out, len);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SHAKE-256: rate=136 bytes (1088 bits)
* */
void zupt_shake256(const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen, uint8_t *out, size_t olen) {
zupt_keccak_ctx ctx;
keccak_init(&ctx, 136, 0x1F);
keccak_absorb(&ctx, data, dlen);
keccak_finalize(&ctx);
keccak_squeeze(&ctx, out, olen);
}
void zupt_shake256_init(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx) { keccak_init(ctx, 136, 0x1F); }
void zupt_shake256_absorb(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
keccak_absorb(ctx, data, len);
}
void zupt_shake256_finalize(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx) { keccak_finalize(ctx); }
void zupt_shake256_squeeze(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out, size_t len) {
keccak_squeeze(ctx, out, len);
}

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* Keccak-f[1600] sponge: SHA3-256, SHA3-512, SHAKE-128, SHAKE-256
* Required by ML-KEM-768 (FIPS 203).
* Pure C11, zero dependencies, no dynamic allocation.
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_KECCAK_H
#define ZUPT_KECCAK_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
/* Sponge state: 25 × 64-bit lanes = 200 bytes */
typedef struct {
uint64_t st[25];
uint8_t buf[200]; /* absorption buffer */
size_t rate; /* rate in bytes */
size_t pt; /* position in buf */
uint8_t dsuf; /* domain suffix: 0x06 for SHA3, 0x1F for SHAKE */
} zupt_keccak_ctx;
/* SHA3-256: 32-byte output */
void zupt_sha3_256(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t out[32]);
/* SHA3-512: 64-byte output */
void zupt_sha3_512(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t out[64]);
/* SHAKE-128: extendable output */
void zupt_shake128(const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen, uint8_t *out, size_t olen);
/* SHAKE-256: extendable output */
void zupt_shake256(const uint8_t *data, size_t dlen, uint8_t *out, size_t olen);
/* Incremental SHAKE-128 for ML-KEM sampling */
void zupt_shake128_init(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx);
void zupt_shake128_absorb(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
void zupt_shake128_finalize(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx);
void zupt_shake128_squeeze(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out, size_t len);
/* Incremental SHAKE-256 */
void zupt_shake256_init(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx);
void zupt_shake256_absorb(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
void zupt_shake256_finalize(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx);
void zupt_shake256_squeeze(zupt_keccak_ctx *ctx, uint8_t *out, size_t len);
#endif

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/*
* ZUPT - LZ77 Compression Engine v2 (Zupt-LZ codec 0x0008)
*
* Improvements over v0.1:
* - 18-bit hash table (256K entries) for better match distribution
* - Lazy matching: try next position, emit better of the two
* - Longer chain search at high levels (up to 256 nodes)
* - Minimum match reduced from 4 to 3 for better ratio on text
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define LZ_MIN_MATCH 3
#define LZ_MAX_OFFSET 65535
#define LZ_HASH_BITS 18
#define LZ_HASH_SIZE (1 << LZ_HASH_BITS)
#define LZ_HASH_MASK (LZ_HASH_SIZE - 1)
#define LZ_WINDOW_SIZE 65535
static inline uint32_t lz_hash4(const uint8_t *p) {
uint32_t v; memcpy(&v, p, 4);
return (v * 2654435761u) >> (32 - LZ_HASH_BITS);
}
static inline size_t lz_write_extra(uint8_t *dst, size_t cap, size_t len) {
size_t w = 0;
while (len >= 255 && w < cap) { dst[w++] = 0xFF; len -= 255; }
if (w < cap) dst[w++] = (uint8_t)len;
return w;
}
static inline size_t lz_read_extra(const uint8_t *s, size_t slen, size_t *pos, size_t init) {
size_t t = init;
while (*pos < slen) { uint8_t b = s[(*pos)++]; t += b; if (b < 255) break; }
return t;
}
/* Find best match at position ip */
static int32_t lz_find_match(const uint8_t *src, size_t src_len, size_t ip,
const int32_t *hash_table, const int32_t *chain,
int max_chain, int32_t *best_off) {
if (ip + 4 > src_len) return 0; /* lz_hash4 reads 4 bytes */
uint32_t h = lz_hash4(src + ip);
int32_t ref = hash_table[h];
int32_t best_len = LZ_MIN_MATCH - 1;
*best_off = 0;
int count = 0;
while (ref >= 0 && count < max_chain) {
size_t dist = ip - (size_t)ref;
if (dist > LZ_MAX_OFFSET || dist == 0) break;
/* Quick check: compare last byte of current best + first bytes.
* Bounds check: ip + best_len must be within src_len. */
if ((size_t)best_len < src_len - ip &&
src[ref + best_len] == src[ip + best_len] &&
src[ref] == src[ip]) {
int32_t mlen = 0;
size_t max_m = src_len - ip;
if (max_m > 65535) max_m = 65535;
while (mlen < (int32_t)max_m && src[ref + mlen] == src[ip + mlen])
mlen++;
if (mlen > best_len) {
best_len = mlen;
*best_off = (int32_t)dist;
if (mlen >= 256) break;
}
}
size_t ci = (size_t)ref % LZ_WINDOW_SIZE;
ref = chain[ci];
count++;
}
return best_len >= LZ_MIN_MATCH ? best_len : 0;
}
static inline void lz_insert_hash(int32_t *hash_table, int32_t *chain,
const uint8_t *src, size_t src_len, size_t ip) {
if (ip + 4 <= src_len) {
uint32_t h = lz_hash4(src + ip);
size_t ci = ip % LZ_WINDOW_SIZE;
chain[ci] = hash_table[h];
hash_table[h] = (int32_t)ip;
}
}
size_t zupt_lz_bound(size_t src_len) {
return src_len + (src_len / 255) + 32;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
size_t zupt_lz_compress(const uint8_t *src, size_t src_len,
uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_cap, int level) {
if (src_len == 0) return 0;
if (level < 1) level = 1;
if (level > 9) level = 9;
/* Scale chain depth: level 1 -> 8, level 5 -> 64, level 9 -> 256 */
int max_chain = 4 + (level * level * 3);
/* Enable lazy matching at level >= 3 */
int lazy = (level >= 3);
int32_t *hash_table = (int32_t *)calloc(LZ_HASH_SIZE, sizeof(int32_t));
int32_t *chain = (int32_t *)calloc(LZ_WINDOW_SIZE, sizeof(int32_t));
if (!hash_table || !chain) { free(hash_table); free(chain); return 0; }
memset(hash_table, 0xFF, LZ_HASH_SIZE * sizeof(int32_t));
size_t ip = 0, op = 0, anchor = 0;
while (ip + LZ_MIN_MATCH <= src_len) {
int32_t off1 = 0;
int32_t len1 = lz_find_match(src, src_len, ip, hash_table, chain, max_chain, &off1);
if (len1 == 0) {
lz_insert_hash(hash_table, chain, src, src_len, ip);
ip++;
continue;
}
/* Lazy matching: check next position for a better match */
if (lazy && ip + 1 + LZ_MIN_MATCH <= src_len) {
lz_insert_hash(hash_table, chain, src, src_len, ip);
int32_t off2 = 0;
int32_t len2 = lz_find_match(src, src_len, ip + 1, hash_table, chain, max_chain, &off2);
if (len2 > len1 + 1) {
/* Next position is better; skip current as a literal */
ip++;
len1 = len2;
off1 = off2;
}
}
/* Emit sequence */
size_t lit_len = ip - anchor;
size_t match_len = (size_t)len1;
size_t match_extra = match_len - LZ_MIN_MATCH;
if (op + 1 + (lit_len/255) + 1 + lit_len + 2 + (match_extra/255) + 1 > dst_cap) {
free(hash_table); free(chain); return 0;
}
/* Token: high nibble = literal len, low nibble = match extra len */
size_t tp = op++;
uint8_t tl = (lit_len >= 15) ? 15 : (uint8_t)lit_len;
uint8_t tm = (match_extra >= 15) ? 15 : (uint8_t)match_extra;
dst[tp] = (tl << 4) | tm;
if (lit_len >= 15)
op += lz_write_extra(dst + op, dst_cap - op, lit_len - 15);
memcpy(dst + op, src + anchor, lit_len); op += lit_len;
dst[op++] = (uint8_t)(off1 & 0xFF);
dst[op++] = (uint8_t)((off1 >> 8) & 0xFF);
if (match_extra >= 15)
op += lz_write_extra(dst + op, dst_cap - op, match_extra - 15);
/* Update hash for all positions in the match */
if (!lazy) lz_insert_hash(hash_table, chain, src, src_len, ip);
size_t match_end = ip + match_len;
ip++;
for (; ip < match_end && ip + 4 <= src_len; ip++)
lz_insert_hash(hash_table, chain, src, src_len, ip);
ip = match_end;
anchor = ip;
}
/* Final literals */
{
size_t lit_len = src_len - anchor;
if (op + 1 + (lit_len/255) + 1 + lit_len > dst_cap) {
free(hash_table); free(chain); return 0;
}
size_t tp = op++;
uint8_t tl = (lit_len >= 15) ? 15 : (uint8_t)lit_len;
dst[tp] = (tl << 4) | 0;
if (lit_len >= 15)
op += lz_write_extra(dst + op, dst_cap - op, lit_len - 15);
memcpy(dst + op, src + anchor, lit_len); op += lit_len;
}
free(hash_table); free(chain);
return op;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
size_t zupt_lz_decompress(const uint8_t *src, size_t src_len,
uint8_t *dst, size_t dst_len) {
size_t ip = 0, op = 0;
while (ip < src_len) {
uint8_t token = src[ip++];
size_t lit_len = (token >> 4) & 0xF;
size_t match_code = token & 0xF;
if (lit_len == 15) lit_len = lz_read_extra(src, src_len, &ip, 15);
if (lit_len > 0) {
if (ip + lit_len > src_len || op + lit_len > dst_len) return 0;
memcpy(dst + op, src + ip, lit_len);
ip += lit_len; op += lit_len;
}
if (ip >= src_len) break;
if (ip + 2 > src_len) return 0;
size_t offset = (size_t)src[ip] | ((size_t)src[ip+1] << 8);
ip += 2;
if (offset == 0 || offset > op) return 0;
size_t match_len = match_code + LZ_MIN_MATCH;
if (match_code == 15)
match_len = lz_read_extra(src, src_len, &ip, 15 + LZ_MIN_MATCH);
if (op + match_len > dst_len) return 0;
size_t ref = op - offset;
for (size_t i = 0; i < match_len; i++)
dst[op + i] = dst[ref + i];
op += match_len;
}
return op;
}

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/*
* ZUPT - LZH Codec v4: High-Compression LZ77 + Canonical Huffman
*
* Key advances over v3:
* - 1MB sliding window (was 128KB) with 40 extended distance codes
* - Extended match lengths up to 4322 (was 258) with 7 extra length codes
* - Near-optimal parsing at levels 5-9 (multi-step lazy with cost heuristic)
* - 20-bit hash table (1M entries) with 4-byte rolling hash
* - RLE preprocessing for zero-heavy data (disk images, sparse files)
* - Huffman code-length compression (RLE of code lengths, ~100-300 bytes saved)
* - Level-adaptive window size, hash size, and chain depth
*
* Stream format:
* [1 byte: flags (bit0=RLE)]
* [4 bytes LE: RLE original size (if bit0)]
* [2 bytes LE: litlen symbol count]
* [2 bytes LE: dist symbol count]
* [compressed code lengths for litlen alphabet]
* [compressed code lengths for dist alphabet]
* [Huffman bitstream ... EOB]
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* CONFIGURATION & TABLES
* */
#define LZH_MIN_MATCH 3
#define LZH_MAX_CODELEN 15
/* Extended litlen alphabet: 0-255=literal, 256=EOB, 257-292=lengths */
#define LZH_MAX_LITLEN 293
/* Extended distance alphabet: 0-39 covering offsets up to 1MB */
#define LZH_MAX_DIST 40
/* Max match length supported by extended codes */
#define LZH_MAX_MATCH 4322
/* DEFLATE-compatible length codes 257-285 (lengths 3-258) */
static const uint16_t LEN_BASE[36] = {
3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,19,23,27,31,35,43,51,59,
67,83,99,115,131,163,195,227,258,
/* Extended length codes 286-292 (lengths 259-4322) */
259, 291, 355, 483, 739, 1251, 2275
};
static const uint8_t LEN_EXTRA[36] = {
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,0,
/* Extended: 5,6,7,8,9,10,11 */
5,6,7,8,9,10,11
};
#define LEN_CODES 36
/* Extended distance codes 0-39 covering up to 1,048,576 */
static const uint32_t DIST_BASE[40] = {
1,2,3,4,5,7,9,13,17,25,33,49,65,97,129,193,257,385,513,769,
1025,1537,2049,3073,4097,6145,8193,12289,16385,24577,
/* Extended: codes 30-39 */
32769,49153,65537,98305,131073,196609,262145,393217,524289,786433
};
static const uint8_t DIST_EXTRA[40] = {
0,0,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,
/* Extended */
14,14,15,15,16,16,17,17,18,18
};
static int len_to_code(uint32_t len) {
for (int i = LEN_CODES - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (len >= LEN_BASE[i]) return 257 + i;
return 257;
}
static int dist_to_code(uint32_t d) {
for (int i = LZH_MAX_DIST - 1; i >= 0; i--)
if (d >= DIST_BASE[i]) return i;
return 0;
}
/* Level-dependent configuration */
typedef struct {
uint32_t win_size; /* Sliding window */
int hash_bits; /* Hash table size = 1 << hash_bits */
int max_chain; /* Max chain search depth */
int lazy_depth; /* 0=greedy, 1=lazy, 2+=near-optimal */
int min_match; /* Minimum match length */
} lzh_config_t;
static lzh_config_t lzh_config(int level) {
lzh_config_t c;
/* Always use 20-bit hash (4MB table) for correctness and quality.
* Scale window size and chain depth by level for speed control. */
switch (level) {
case 1: c = (lzh_config_t){ 65536, 20, 12, 0, 4}; break;
case 2: c = (lzh_config_t){ 131072, 20, 24, 1, 4}; break;
case 3: c = (lzh_config_t){ 131072, 20, 48, 1, 3}; break;
case 4: c = (lzh_config_t){ 262144, 20, 96, 2, 3}; break;
case 5: c = (lzh_config_t){ 524288, 20, 160, 2, 3}; break;
case 6: c = (lzh_config_t){ 524288, 20, 256, 3, 3}; break; /* DEFAULT */
case 7: c = (lzh_config_t){1048576, 20, 384, 3, 3}; break;
case 8: c = (lzh_config_t){1048576, 20, 512, 4, 3}; break;
case 9: c = (lzh_config_t){1048576, 20, 768, 5, 3}; break;
default:c = (lzh_config_t){ 524288, 20, 256, 3, 3}; break;
}
return c;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* RLE PREPROCESSOR (unchanged from v3)
* */
static size_t rle_encode(const uint8_t *s, size_t n, uint8_t *d, size_t dc) {
size_t ip=0, op=0;
while (ip < n) {
if (s[ip] == 0) {
size_t run=0;
while (ip+run < n && s[ip+run]==0 && run < 65535) run++;
if (run == 1) {
if (op+2>dc) return 0;
d[op++]=0; d[op++]=0; ip++;
} else {
while (run > 0) {
size_t ch = run>255?255:run;
if (op+2>dc) return 0;
d[op++]=0; d[op++]=(uint8_t)ch;
ip+=ch; run-=ch;
}
}
} else { if (op+1>dc) return 0; d[op++]=s[ip++]; }
}
return (op < n) ? op : 0;
}
static size_t rle_decode(const uint8_t *s, size_t n, uint8_t *d, size_t dc) {
size_t ip=0, op=0;
while (ip < n && op < dc) {
if (s[ip]==0 && ip+1<n) {
uint8_t c = s[ip+1]; ip+=2;
if (c==0) { d[op++]=0; }
else { if (op+c>dc) return 0; memset(d+op,0,c); op+=c; }
} else { d[op++]=s[ip++]; }
}
return op;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* BIT I/O
* */
typedef struct { uint8_t *buf; size_t cap, pos; uint64_t acc; int nb; } bitwr_t;
typedef struct { const uint8_t *buf; size_t len, pos; uint64_t acc; int nb; } bitrd_t;
static void bw_init(bitwr_t *w, uint8_t *b, size_t c) { w->buf=b;w->cap=c;w->pos=0;w->acc=0;w->nb=0; }
static void bw_put(bitwr_t *w, uint32_t v, int n) {
w->acc |= (uint64_t)v << w->nb; w->nb += n;
while (w->nb >= 8 && w->pos < w->cap) { w->buf[w->pos++]=(uint8_t)(w->acc&0xFF); w->acc>>=8; w->nb-=8; }
}
static void bw_flush(bitwr_t *w) {
while (w->nb>0 && w->pos<w->cap) { w->buf[w->pos++]=(uint8_t)(w->acc&0xFF); w->acc>>=8; w->nb-=8; if(w->nb<0)w->nb=0; }
}
static void br_init(bitrd_t *r, const uint8_t *b, size_t l) { r->buf=b;r->len=l;r->pos=0;r->acc=0;r->nb=0; }
static uint32_t br_peek(bitrd_t *r, int n) {
while (r->nb<n && r->pos<r->len) { r->acc|=(uint64_t)r->buf[r->pos++]<<r->nb; r->nb+=8; }
return (uint32_t)(r->acc & ((1ULL<<n)-1));
}
static void br_skip(bitrd_t *r, int n) { r->acc>>=n; r->nb-=n; }
static uint32_t br_get(bitrd_t *r, int n) { uint32_t v=br_peek(r,n); br_skip(r,n); return v; }
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* HUFFMAN ENCODER / DECODER
* */
typedef struct { uint16_t code; uint8_t len; } hcode_t;
typedef struct { int16_t sym; uint8_t len; } hlut_t;
/* Min-heap for tree construction */
typedef struct { uint32_t f; int s; } hnode_t;
static void h_down(hnode_t *h, int n, int i) {
while (1) {
int b=i, l=2*i+1, r=2*i+2;
if (l<n && h[l].f<h[b].f) b=l;
if (r<n && h[r].f<h[b].f) b=r;
if (b==i) break;
hnode_t t=h[i]; h[i]=h[b]; h[b]=t; i=b;
}
}
static void h_up(hnode_t *h, int i) {
while (i>0) {
int p=(i-1)/2;
if (h[p].f<=h[i].f) break;
hnode_t t=h[i]; h[i]=h[p]; h[p]=t; i=p;
}
}
static void tree_depths(int nd, int depth, int *L, int *R, uint8_t *dp, int ns) {
if (nd>=0 && nd<ns) { dp[nd]=(uint8_t)(depth>LZH_MAX_CODELEN?LZH_MAX_CODELEN:depth); return; }
int x=-nd-1;
tree_depths(L[x],depth+1,L,R,dp,ns);
tree_depths(R[x],depth+1,L,R,dp,ns);
}
static void huff_build(const uint32_t *freq, int ns, hcode_t *codes) {
int act=0;
for (int i=0;i<ns;i++) if(freq[i]>0) act++;
memset(codes,0,ns*sizeof(hcode_t));
if (act==0) return;
if (act==1) { for(int i=0;i<ns;i++) if(freq[i]>0){codes[i].len=1;codes[i].code=0;} return; }
int cap=ns*2;
int *L=(int*)calloc(cap,sizeof(int)), *R=(int*)calloc(cap,sizeof(int));
hnode_t *hp=(hnode_t*)malloc(ns*sizeof(hnode_t));
if(!L||!R||!hp){free(L);free(R);free(hp);return;}
int hn=0;
for(int i=0;i<ns;i++) if(freq[i]>0){hp[hn].f=freq[i];hp[hn].s=i;h_up(hp,hn);hn++;}
int ni=0;
while(hn>1){
hnode_t a=hp[0];hp[0]=hp[--hn];if(hn>0)h_down(hp,hn,0);
hnode_t b=hp[0];hp[0]=hp[--hn];if(hn>0)h_down(hp,hn,0);
L[ni]=a.s; R[ni]=b.s;
hnode_t in; in.f=a.f+b.f; in.s=-(ni+1); ni++;
hp[hn]=in; h_up(hp,hn); hn++;
}
uint8_t *dp=(uint8_t*)calloc(ns,1);
if(dp && hn==1) tree_depths(hp[0].s,0,L,R,dp,ns);
/* Enforce max code length using Kraft-sum based redistribution.
*
* tree_depths() clamps depths to MAX_CODELEN silently, which can
* over-subscribe the code (Kraft sum > 2^MAX). We detect this by
* computing the integer Kraft sum directly, then fix by iteratively
* splitting a shorter code into two longer ones while removing one
* excess MAX-length code. Each iteration reduces Kraft by exactly 1. */
{
/* Count symbols per code length */
int lcount[LZH_MAX_CODELEN + 1];
memset(lcount, 0, sizeof(lcount));
for (int i = 0; i < ns; i++)
if (dp[i] > 0) lcount[dp[i]]++;
/* Integer Kraft sum: symbol at length b costs 2^(MAX-b) units.
* A valid prefix code requires sum == 2^MAX exactly. */
uint32_t kraft = 0;
for (int b = 1; b <= LZH_MAX_CODELEN; b++)
kraft += (uint32_t)lcount[b] << (LZH_MAX_CODELEN - b);
uint32_t target = 1u << LZH_MAX_CODELEN;
if (kraft > target) {
/* Over-subscribed. Each iteration:
* - Find the deepest occupied length b < MAX
* - Remove 1 symbol from b (frees 2^(MAX-b) units)
* - Add 2 symbols at b+1 (costs 2*2^(MAX-b-1) = 2^(MAX-b) units)
* - Remove 1 symbol from MAX (frees 2^0 = 1 unit)
* - Net: Kraft sum decreases by 1 */
while (kraft > target) {
/* Find deepest occupied length below MAX */
int bits = LZH_MAX_CODELEN - 1;
while (bits >= 1 && lcount[bits] == 0) bits--;
if (bits < 1) break;
lcount[bits]--;
lcount[bits + 1] += 2;
lcount[LZH_MAX_CODELEN]--;
kraft--;
}
/* Reassign code lengths to symbols based on new counts.
* Symbols with higher frequency get shorter codes. */
int *sorted = (int *)malloc((size_t)ns * sizeof(int));
if (sorted) {
int sn = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ns; i++)
if (dp[i] > 0) sorted[sn++] = i;
/* Insertion sort by frequency descending (ns <= 293) */
for (int i = 1; i < sn; i++) {
int key = sorted[i];
int j = i - 1;
while (j >= 0 && freq[sorted[j]] < freq[key]) {
sorted[j + 1] = sorted[j];
j--;
}
sorted[j + 1] = key;
}
/* Assign lengths: shortest codes to most frequent symbols */
int si = 0;
for (int b = 1; b <= LZH_MAX_CODELEN; b++) {
for (int c = 0; c < lcount[b] && si < sn; c++)
dp[sorted[si++]] = (uint8_t)b;
}
free(sorted);
}
}
}
/* Canonical code assignment */
int lc[LZH_MAX_CODELEN+1]; memset(lc,0,sizeof(lc));
for(int i=0;i<ns;i++) if(dp[i]>0) lc[dp[i]]++;
uint32_t nc[LZH_MAX_CODELEN+1]; memset(nc,0,sizeof(nc));
uint32_t cv=0;
for(int b=1;b<=LZH_MAX_CODELEN;b++){cv=(cv+lc[b-1])<<1;nc[b]=cv;}
for(int i=0;i<ns;i++){
if(dp[i]>0){
codes[i].len=dp[i];
uint16_t c=(uint16_t)nc[dp[i]]++;
uint16_t rev=0;
for(int b=0;b<dp[i];b++) rev|=((c>>b)&1)<<(dp[i]-1-b);
codes[i].code=rev;
}
}
free(dp);free(hp);free(L);free(R);
}
/* Build LUT for fast decode */
static void huff_lut(const uint8_t *lengths, int ns, hlut_t *lut) {
int sz = 1<<LZH_MAX_CODELEN;
for(int i=0;i<sz;i++){lut[i].sym=-1;lut[i].len=0;}
int lc[LZH_MAX_CODELEN+1]; memset(lc,0,sizeof(lc));
for(int i=0;i<ns;i++) if(lengths[i]>0) lc[lengths[i]]++;
uint32_t nc[LZH_MAX_CODELEN+1]; memset(nc,0,sizeof(nc));
uint32_t cv=0;
for(int b=1;b<=LZH_MAX_CODELEN;b++){cv=(cv+lc[b-1])<<1;nc[b]=cv;}
for(int i=0;i<ns;i++){
if(lengths[i]==0) continue;
int bits=lengths[i];
uint16_t c=(uint16_t)nc[bits]++;
uint16_t rev=0;
for(int b=0;b<bits;b++) rev|=((c>>b)&1)<<(bits-1-b);
int fill=1<<(LZH_MAX_CODELEN-bits);
for(int j=0;j<fill;j++){int idx=rev|(j<<bits);lut[idx].sym=(int16_t)i;lut[idx].len=(uint8_t)bits;}
}
}
static int huff_dec(bitrd_t *r, const hlut_t *lut) {
uint32_t bits=br_peek(r,LZH_MAX_CODELEN);
hlut_t e=lut[bits&((1<<LZH_MAX_CODELEN)-1)];
if(e.sym<0) return -1;
br_skip(r,e.len);
return e.sym;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* CODE LENGTH COMPRESSION (RLE, like DEFLATE's CL alphabet)
*
* Codes:
* 0-15: literal code length
* 16: repeat previous length 3-6 times (2 extra bits)
* 17: repeat zero 3-10 times (3 extra bits)
* 18: repeat zero 11-138 times (7 extra bits)
* */
static size_t cl_encode(const uint8_t *lens, int count, uint8_t *out, size_t ocap) {
size_t op = 0;
int i = 0;
while (i < count && op < ocap) {
if (lens[i] == 0) {
/* Count consecutive zeros */
int run = 1;
while (i + run < count && lens[i + run] == 0 && run < 138) run++;
while (run > 0) {
if (run >= 11) {
int r = run > 138 ? 138 : run;
if (op + 2 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = 18;
out[op++] = (uint8_t)(r - 11);
i += r; run -= r;
} else if (run >= 3) {
int r = run > 10 ? 10 : run;
if (op + 2 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = 17;
out[op++] = (uint8_t)(r - 3);
i += r; run -= r;
} else {
if (op + 1 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = 0;
i++; run--;
}
}
} else {
uint8_t v = lens[i];
if (op + 1 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = v;
i++;
/* Check for repeats of same value */
int run = 0;
while (i + run < count && lens[i + run] == v && run < 6) run++;
while (run >= 3) {
int r = run > 6 ? 6 : run;
if (op + 2 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = 16;
out[op++] = (uint8_t)(r - 3);
i += r; run -= r;
}
/* Emit remaining as literals */
while (run > 0) {
if (op + 1 > ocap) return 0;
out[op++] = v;
i++; run--;
}
}
}
return op;
}
static int cl_decode(const uint8_t *in, size_t ilen, uint8_t *lens, int count) {
size_t ip = 0;
int li = 0;
uint8_t prev = 0;
while (li < count && ip < ilen) {
uint8_t c = in[ip++];
if (c <= 15) {
lens[li++] = c;
prev = c;
} else if (c == 16) {
if (ip >= ilen) return -1;
int reps = 3 + in[ip++];
for (int j = 0; j < reps && li < count; j++) lens[li++] = prev;
} else if (c == 17) {
if (ip >= ilen) return -1;
int reps = 3 + in[ip++];
for (int j = 0; j < reps && li < count; j++) lens[li++] = 0;
} else if (c == 18) {
if (ip >= ilen) return -1;
int reps = 11 + in[ip++];
for (int j = 0; j < reps && li < count; j++) lens[li++] = 0;
} else return -1;
}
return (int)ip;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* LZ77 MATCH FINDER
* */
static inline uint32_t lzh_hash(const uint8_t *p, int bits) {
uint32_t v; memcpy(&v, p, 4);
return (v * 2654435761u) >> (32 - bits);
}
typedef struct { int32_t len; uint32_t dist; } match_t;
static match_t find_match(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen, size_t ip,
const int32_t *ht, const int32_t *ch,
int max_chain, uint32_t win, int min_m) {
match_t m = {0, 0};
if (ip + 4 > slen) return m;
int best = min_m - 1;
int cnt = 0;
/* Primary 4-byte hash lookup */
uint32_t h = lzh_hash(src + ip, 20);
int32_t ref = ht[h];
while (ref >= 0 && cnt < max_chain) {
size_t d = ip - (size_t)ref;
if (d > win || d == 0) break;
/* Quick rejection: check last byte of best match first.
* Bounds check: ip + best must be within the buffer. Since ref < ip,
* ref + best < ip + best, so checking ip + best suffices for both. */
if ((size_t)best < slen - ip &&
src[ref + best] == src[ip + best] && src[ref] == src[ip] && src[ref+1] == src[ip+1]) {
int len = 0;
size_t mx = slen - ip;
if (mx > LZH_MAX_MATCH) mx = LZH_MAX_MATCH;
/* Unrolled comparison */
while (len + 8 <= (int)mx) {
uint64_t a, b;
memcpy(&a, src + ref + len, 8);
memcpy(&b, src + ip + len, 8);
if (a != b) break;
len += 8;
}
while (len < (int)mx && src[ref + len] == src[ip + len]) len++;
if (len > best) {
best = len; m.len = len; m.dist = (uint32_t)d;
if (len >= LZH_MAX_MATCH) break;
if (len >= 512 && cnt > max_chain/4) break; /* Good enough */
}
}
ref = ch[(size_t)ref % win];
cnt++;
}
return (m.len >= min_m) ? m : (match_t){0, 0};
}
static void insert_hash(int32_t *ht, int32_t *ch, const uint8_t *src, size_t slen,
size_t ip, uint32_t win) {
if (ip + 4 <= slen) {
uint32_t h = lzh_hash(src + ip, 20);
ch[ip % win] = ht[h];
ht[h] = (int32_t)ip;
}
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* LZ77 SYMBOL STREAM
* */
typedef struct {
uint16_t litlen; /* 0-255=literal, 256=EOB, 257-292=length code */
uint16_t dist_code; /* distance code (0-39) */
uint32_t match_len; /* actual match length (for extra bits) */
uint32_t match_dist; /* actual match distance (for extra bits) */
} lzsym_t;
/* Estimate bits for a match (for near-optimal parsing) */
static inline int match_cost(int len, uint32_t dist) {
int lc = len_to_code(len) - 257;
int dc = dist_to_code(dist);
/* ~10 bits for length code + extra + ~10 bits for dist code + extra */
return 10 + LEN_EXTRA[lc] + 10 + DIST_EXTRA[dc];
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* COMPRESS
* */
size_t zupt_lzh_bound(size_t slen) {
return slen + (slen / 8) + 2048;
}
size_t zupt_lzh_compress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen,
uint8_t *dst, size_t dcap, int level) {
if (slen == 0) return 0;
if (level < 1) level = 1;
if (level > 9) level = 9;
lzh_config_t cfg = lzh_config(level);
/* ─── RLE preprocessing ─── */
uint8_t *rle_buf = NULL;
const uint8_t *lz_in = src;
size_t lz_len = slen;
int rle_on = 0;
size_t zeros = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < slen; i++) if (src[i] == 0) zeros++;
if (zeros > slen / 8) {
rle_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(slen);
if (rle_buf) {
size_t rs = rle_encode(src, slen, rle_buf, slen);
if (rs > 0 && rs < slen * 9 / 10) { /* Must save >= 10% */
lz_in = rle_buf; lz_len = rs; rle_on = 1;
}
}
}
/* ─── LZ77 parsing ─── */
size_t ht_size = (size_t)1 << cfg.hash_bits;
int32_t *ht = (int32_t *)malloc(ht_size * sizeof(int32_t));
int32_t *ch = (int32_t *)calloc(cfg.win_size, sizeof(int32_t));
size_t sym_cap = lz_len + 16;
lzsym_t *syms = (lzsym_t *)malloc(sym_cap * sizeof(lzsym_t));
if (!ht || !ch || !syms) { free(ht); free(ch); free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
memset(ht, 0xFF, ht_size * sizeof(int32_t));
size_t ns = 0, ip = 0;
while (ip < lz_len) {
match_t m1 = find_match(lz_in, lz_len, ip, ht, ch, cfg.max_chain, cfg.win_size, cfg.min_match);
if (m1.len == 0) {
syms[ns].litlen = lz_in[ip];
syms[ns].dist_code = 0; syms[ns].match_len = 0; syms[ns].match_dist = 0;
ns++;
insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, ip, cfg.win_size);
ip++;
continue;
}
/* Near-optimal: try next positions for better matches */
if (cfg.lazy_depth >= 1 && ip + 1 < lz_len) {
insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, ip, cfg.win_size);
match_t m2 = find_match(lz_in, lz_len, ip + 1, ht, ch, cfg.max_chain, cfg.win_size, cfg.min_match);
if (m2.len > m1.len + 1) {
/* Position ip+1 is much better; emit literal at ip */
syms[ns].litlen = lz_in[ip]; syms[ns].dist_code=0; syms[ns].match_len=0; syms[ns].match_dist=0;
ns++; ip++;
m1 = m2;
/* Check ip+2 for even higher lazy depths */
if (cfg.lazy_depth >= 2 && ip + 1 < lz_len) {
insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, ip, cfg.win_size);
match_t m3 = find_match(lz_in, lz_len, ip + 1, ht, ch, cfg.max_chain, cfg.win_size, cfg.min_match);
if (m3.len > m1.len + 1) {
syms[ns].litlen = lz_in[ip]; syms[ns].dist_code=0; syms[ns].match_len=0; syms[ns].match_dist=0;
ns++; ip++;
m1 = m3;
/* Check ip+3 for lazy_depth >= 3 */
if (cfg.lazy_depth >= 3 && ip + 1 < lz_len) {
insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, ip, cfg.win_size);
match_t m4 = find_match(lz_in, lz_len, ip + 1, ht, ch, cfg.max_chain, cfg.win_size, cfg.min_match);
if (m4.len > m1.len + 1) {
syms[ns].litlen = lz_in[ip]; syms[ns].dist_code=0; syms[ns].match_len=0; syms[ns].match_dist=0;
ns++; ip++;
m1 = m4;
}
}
}
}
}
}
/* Emit match */
int lc = len_to_code(m1.len);
syms[ns].litlen = (uint16_t)lc;
syms[ns].dist_code = (uint16_t)dist_to_code(m1.dist);
syms[ns].match_len = (uint32_t)m1.len;
syms[ns].match_dist = m1.dist;
ns++;
/* Update hash for positions inside match */
if (cfg.lazy_depth < 1) insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, ip, cfg.win_size);
size_t end = ip + (size_t)m1.len;
for (size_t j = ip + 1; j < end && j + 4 <= lz_len; j++)
insert_hash(ht, ch, lz_in, lz_len, j, cfg.win_size);
ip = end;
}
/* EOB */
syms[ns].litlen = 256; syms[ns].dist_code = 0;
syms[ns].match_len = 0; syms[ns].match_dist = 0;
ns++;
free(ht); free(ch);
/* ─── Build Huffman trees ─── */
uint32_t ll_freq[LZH_MAX_LITLEN]; memset(ll_freq, 0, sizeof(ll_freq));
uint32_t d_freq[LZH_MAX_DIST]; memset(d_freq, 0, sizeof(d_freq));
for (size_t i = 0; i < ns; i++) {
if (syms[i].litlen < LZH_MAX_LITLEN) ll_freq[syms[i].litlen]++;
if (syms[i].litlen >= 257 && syms[i].litlen <= 292)
d_freq[syms[i].dist_code]++;
}
int ll_cnt = 257;
for (int i = LZH_MAX_LITLEN - 1; i >= 257; i--) if (ll_freq[i] > 0) { ll_cnt = i + 1; break; }
int d_cnt = 1;
for (int i = LZH_MAX_DIST - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (d_freq[i] > 0) { d_cnt = i + 1; break; }
hcode_t ll_codes[LZH_MAX_LITLEN];
hcode_t d_codes[LZH_MAX_DIST];
huff_build(ll_freq, ll_cnt, ll_codes);
huff_build(d_freq, d_cnt, d_codes);
if (ll_codes[256].len == 0) { ll_codes[256].len = 1; ll_codes[256].code = 0; }
/* ─── Write output ─── */
size_t op = 0;
/* Flags */
if (op >= dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
dst[op++] = rle_on ? 0x01 : 0x00;
/* RLE original size */
if (rle_on) {
if (op + 4 > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint32_t rs32 = (uint32_t)slen; /* original uncompressed size before RLE */
memcpy(dst + op, &rs32, 4); op += 4;
}
/* Huffman table header */
if (op + 4 > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint16_t llc16 = (uint16_t)ll_cnt, dc16 = (uint16_t)d_cnt;
memcpy(dst + op, &llc16, 2); op += 2;
memcpy(dst + op, &dc16, 2); op += 2;
/* Compress code lengths with RLE */
uint8_t ll_lens[LZH_MAX_LITLEN], d_lens[LZH_MAX_DIST];
for (int i = 0; i < ll_cnt; i++) ll_lens[i] = ll_codes[i].len;
for (int i = 0; i < d_cnt; i++) d_lens[i] = d_codes[i].len;
uint8_t cl_buf[2048];
size_t ll_cl = cl_encode(ll_lens, ll_cnt, cl_buf, sizeof(cl_buf));
if (ll_cl == 0) {
/* Fallback: raw code lengths */
if (op + 2 + ll_cnt + d_cnt > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint16_t raw_len = (uint16_t)ll_cnt;
memcpy(dst + op, &raw_len, 2); op += 2;
memcpy(dst + op, ll_lens, ll_cnt); op += ll_cnt;
} else {
if (op + 2 + ll_cl > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint16_t cl16 = (uint16_t)(ll_cl | 0x8000); /* High bit = compressed */
memcpy(dst + op, &cl16, 2); op += 2;
memcpy(dst + op, cl_buf, ll_cl); op += ll_cl;
}
size_t d_cl = cl_encode(d_lens, d_cnt, cl_buf, sizeof(cl_buf));
if (d_cl == 0) {
if (op + 2 + d_cnt > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint16_t raw_len = (uint16_t)d_cnt;
memcpy(dst + op, &raw_len, 2); op += 2;
memcpy(dst + op, d_lens, d_cnt); op += d_cnt;
} else {
if (op + 2 + d_cl > dcap) { free(syms); free(rle_buf); return 0; }
uint16_t cl16 = (uint16_t)(d_cl | 0x8000);
memcpy(dst + op, &cl16, 2); op += 2;
memcpy(dst + op, cl_buf, d_cl); op += d_cl;
}
/* ─── Huffman bitstream ─── */
bitwr_t bw;
bw_init(&bw, dst + op, dcap - op);
for (size_t i = 0; i < ns; i++) {
uint16_t s = syms[i].litlen;
if (s < (uint16_t)ll_cnt && ll_codes[s].len > 0)
bw_put(&bw, ll_codes[s].code, ll_codes[s].len);
if (s >= 257 && s <= 292) {
int li = s - 257;
if (li < LEN_CODES && LEN_EXTRA[li] > 0)
bw_put(&bw, syms[i].match_len - LEN_BASE[li], LEN_EXTRA[li]);
int dc = syms[i].dist_code;
if (dc < d_cnt && d_codes[dc].len > 0)
bw_put(&bw, d_codes[dc].code, d_codes[dc].len);
if (dc < LZH_MAX_DIST && DIST_EXTRA[dc] > 0)
bw_put(&bw, syms[i].match_dist - DIST_BASE[dc], DIST_EXTRA[dc]);
}
}
bw_flush(&bw);
op += bw.pos;
free(syms); free(rle_buf);
return (op < slen) ? op : 0;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* DECOMPRESS
* */
size_t zupt_lzh_decompress(const uint8_t *src, size_t slen,
uint8_t *dst, size_t dlen) {
if (slen < 5) return 0;
size_t ip = 0;
uint8_t flags = src[ip++];
int rle_on = (flags & 0x01);
uint32_t rle_orig = 0;
if (rle_on) {
if (ip + 4 > slen) return 0;
memcpy(&rle_orig, src + ip, 4); ip += 4;
}
/* Read Huffman table header */
if (ip + 4 > slen) return 0;
uint16_t ll_cnt, d_cnt;
memcpy(&ll_cnt, src + ip, 2); ip += 2;
memcpy(&d_cnt, src + ip, 2); ip += 2;
if (ll_cnt > LZH_MAX_LITLEN || d_cnt > LZH_MAX_DIST) return 0;
uint8_t ll_lens[LZH_MAX_LITLEN]; memset(ll_lens, 0, sizeof(ll_lens));
uint8_t d_lens[LZH_MAX_DIST]; memset(d_lens, 0, sizeof(d_lens));
/* Read litlen code lengths */
if (ip + 2 > slen) return 0;
uint16_t ll_hdr; memcpy(&ll_hdr, src + ip, 2); ip += 2;
if (ll_hdr & 0x8000) {
/* Compressed code lengths */
size_t cl_len = ll_hdr & 0x7FFF;
if (ip + cl_len > slen) return 0;
int used = cl_decode(src + ip, cl_len, ll_lens, ll_cnt);
if (used < 0) return 0;
ip += cl_len;
} else {
/* Raw code lengths */
if (ip + ll_hdr > slen) return 0;
memcpy(ll_lens, src + ip, ll_hdr); ip += ll_hdr;
}
/* Read dist code lengths */
if (ip + 2 > slen) return 0;
uint16_t d_hdr; memcpy(&d_hdr, src + ip, 2); ip += 2;
if (d_hdr & 0x8000) {
size_t cl_len = d_hdr & 0x7FFF;
if (ip + cl_len > slen) return 0;
int used = cl_decode(src + ip, cl_len, d_lens, d_cnt);
if (used < 0) return 0;
ip += cl_len;
} else {
if (ip + d_hdr > slen) return 0;
memcpy(d_lens, src + ip, d_hdr); ip += d_hdr;
}
/* Build LUTs */
size_t lut_sz = (size_t)(1 << LZH_MAX_CODELEN) * sizeof(hlut_t);
hlut_t *ll_lut = (hlut_t *)malloc(lut_sz);
hlut_t *d_lut = (hlut_t *)malloc(lut_sz);
if (!ll_lut || !d_lut) { free(ll_lut); free(d_lut); return 0; }
huff_lut(ll_lens, ll_cnt, ll_lut);
huff_lut(d_lens, d_cnt, d_lut);
/* Decode */
bitrd_t br;
br_init(&br, src + ip, slen - ip);
uint8_t *out_buf; size_t out_cap;
uint8_t *rle_tmp = NULL;
if (rle_on) {
out_cap = dlen;
rle_tmp = (uint8_t *)malloc(out_cap);
if (!rle_tmp) { free(ll_lut); free(d_lut); return 0; }
out_buf = rle_tmp;
} else {
out_buf = dst; out_cap = dlen;
}
size_t op = 0;
while (1) {
int sym = huff_dec(&br, ll_lut);
if (sym < 0 || sym >= LZH_MAX_LITLEN) break;
if (sym < 256) {
if (op >= out_cap) break;
out_buf[op++] = (uint8_t)sym;
} else if (sym == 256) {
break; /* EOB */
} else {
int li = sym - 257;
if (li >= LEN_CODES) break;
uint32_t length = LEN_BASE[li];
if (LEN_EXTRA[li] > 0) length += br_get(&br, LEN_EXTRA[li]);
int dsym = huff_dec(&br, d_lut);
if (dsym < 0 || dsym >= LZH_MAX_DIST) break;
uint32_t distance = DIST_BASE[dsym];
if (DIST_EXTRA[dsym] > 0) distance += br_get(&br, DIST_EXTRA[dsym]);
if (distance == 0 || distance > op || op + length > out_cap) break;
size_t ref = op - distance;
/* Byte-by-byte for overlapping copies */
for (uint32_t j = 0; j < length; j++)
out_buf[op + j] = out_buf[ref + j];
op += length;
}
}
free(ll_lut); free(d_lut);
if (rle_on) {
size_t final = rle_decode(rle_tmp, op, dst, dlen);
free(rle_tmp);
return final;
}
return op;
}

393
src/zupt_main.c Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
/*
* ZUPT - CLI v0.6.0
* Multi-threaded compression, AES-256 encryption, progress bars
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include "zupt_thread.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <conio.h>
#else
#include <termios.h>
#endif
static void banner(void) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Zupt %s - Backup compression with AES-256 authentication and post-quantum encryption\n"
"Format v%d.%d | Codec: Zupt-LZ | Checksum: XXH64\n"
"Encryption: AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 | KDF: PBKDF2-SHA256\n\n",
ZUPT_VERSION_STRING, ZUPT_FORMAT_MAJOR, ZUPT_FORMAT_MINOR);
}
static void usage(void) {
banner();
fprintf(stderr,
"Usage:\n"
" zupt compress [OPTIONS] <output.zupt> <files/dirs...>\n"
" zupt extract [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>\n"
" zupt list [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>\n"
" zupt test [OPTIONS] <archive.zupt>\n"
" zupt bench <files/dirs...> Compare levels 1-9\n"
" zupt version\n"
" zupt help\n"
"\n"
"Compress Options:\n"
" -l, --level <1-9> Compression level (default: 7)\n"
" 1-2: fast, small window\n"
" 3-5: balanced\n"
" 6-7: high compression (default)\n"
" 8-9: maximum, 1MB window, deep search\n"
" -b, --block <SIZE> Block size in bytes (default: 128KB)\n"
" -s, --store Store without compression\n"
" -f, --fast Use fast LZ codec (less compression)\n"
" -p, --password <PW> Encrypt with AES-256 (prompted if empty)\n"
" -v, --verbose Verbose per-file output\n"
" -t, --threads <N> Thread count (0=auto, 1=single, 2-64=explicit)\n"
"\n"
"Extract/List/Test Options:\n"
" -o, --output <DIR> Output directory (extract only)\n"
" -p, --password <PW> Decryption password\n"
" -v, --verbose Verbose output\n"
" -t, --threads <N> Thread count for decompression\n"
"\n"
"Directories are traversed recursively.\n"
"\n"
"Examples:\n"
" zupt compress backup.zupt ~/Documents/\n"
" zupt compress -l 9 -p mysecret secure.zupt data/\n"
" zupt list secure.zupt -p mysecret\n"
" zupt extract -o restored/ -p mysecret secure.zupt\n"
" zupt bench ~/Documents/\n"
"\n"
"Compression: LZ77 (1MB window) + Huffman entropy coding\n"
"Security: AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 (Encrypt-then-MAC)\n"
"KDF: PBKDF2-SHA256 (600,000 iterations)\n"
"\n"
"License: MIT\n"
);
}
/* Securely prompt for password (hide input) */
static void prompt_password(const char *prompt, char *buf, size_t cap) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s", prompt);
#ifdef _WIN32
size_t i = 0;
while (i < cap - 1) {
int c = _getch();
if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') break;
if (c == '\b' && i > 0) { i--; continue; }
buf[i++] = (char)c;
}
buf[i] = '\0';
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#else
struct termios old, new_t;
tcgetattr(0, &old);
new_t = old;
new_t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_t);
if (fgets(buf, (int)cap, stdin)) {
size_t len = strlen(buf);
if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '\n') buf[len-1] = '\0';
}
tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &old);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
}
static int streq(const char *a, const char *b) { return strcmp(a,b)==0; }
static int isopt(const char *a) { return a[0]=='-'; }
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
if (argc < 2) { usage(); return 1; }
const char *cmd = argv[1];
if (streq(cmd,"help")||streq(cmd,"--help")||streq(cmd,"-h")) { usage(); return 0; }
if (streq(cmd,"version")||streq(cmd,"--version")||streq(cmd,"-V")) {
printf("zupt %s (format v%d.%d)\n"
"Backup compression with AES-256 authentication and post-quantum encryption\n"
"Codec: Zupt-LZH (0x%04X) | KDF: PBKDF2-SHA256 (%d iter)\n"
"Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés | License: MIT\n",
ZUPT_VERSION_STRING, ZUPT_FORMAT_MAJOR, ZUPT_FORMAT_MINOR,
ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZ, ZUPT_KDF_ITERATIONS);
return 0;
}
/* ─── compress ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"compress")||streq(cmd,"c")) {
zupt_options_t opts; zupt_default_options(&opts);
int ai = 2;
while (ai<argc && isopt(argv[ai])) {
if ((streq(argv[ai],"-l")||streq(argv[ai],"--level"))&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.level=atoi(argv[++ai]); if(opts.level<1)opts.level=1; if(opts.level>9)opts.level=9;
} else if ((streq(argv[ai],"-b")||streq(argv[ai],"--block"))&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.block_size=(uint32_t)atol(argv[++ai]);
if(opts.block_size<ZUPT_MIN_BLOCK_SZ)opts.block_size=ZUPT_MIN_BLOCK_SZ;
if(opts.block_size>ZUPT_MAX_BLOCK_SZ)opts.block_size=ZUPT_MAX_BLOCK_SZ;
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"-s")||streq(argv[ai],"--store")) {
opts.codec_id=ZUPT_CODEC_STORE;
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"-f")||streq(argv[ai],"--fast")) {
opts.codec_id=ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZ;
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"-p")||streq(argv[ai],"--password")) {
opts.encrypt=1;
if (ai+1<argc && !isopt(argv[ai+1])) {
strncpy(opts.password, argv[++ai], sizeof(opts.password)-1);
} else {
prompt_password("Password: ", opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
char confirm[256];
prompt_password("Confirm: ", confirm, sizeof(confirm));
if (strcmp(opts.password, confirm)!=0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Passwords do not match.\n"); return 1;
}
}
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"-v")||streq(argv[ai],"--verbose")) {
opts.verbose=1;
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"--solid")||streq(argv[ai],"-S")) {
opts.solid=1;
} else if ((streq(argv[ai],"-t")||streq(argv[ai],"--threads"))&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.threads=atoi(argv[++ai]);
if(opts.threads<0)opts.threads=0;
if(opts.threads>ZUPT_MAX_THREADS)opts.threads=ZUPT_MAX_THREADS;
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"--pq")&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.pq_mode=1; opts.encrypt=1;
strncpy(opts.keyfile, argv[++ai], sizeof(opts.keyfile)-1);
} else {
fprintf(stderr,"Error: Unknown option '%s'\n",argv[ai]); return 1;
}
ai++;
}
if (argc-ai<2) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error: compress requires <output.zupt> <files/dirs...>\n"); return 1;
}
const char *output = argv[ai++];
/* Collect files (expand directories recursively) */
zupt_filelist_t fl; zupt_filelist_init(&fl);
for (int i=ai; i<argc; i++)
zupt_collect_files(&fl, argv[i], argv[i]);
if (fl.count == 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: No files found.\n");
zupt_filelist_free(&fl); return 1;
}
banner();
/* Resolve thread count */
opts.threads = zupt_resolve_threads(opts.threads);
if (opts.solid && opts.threads > 1) {
fprintf(stderr, " Note: solid mode is single-threaded (cross-file LZ context)\n");
opts.threads = 1;
}
fprintf(stderr, " Collected %d file(s) for compression%s\n", fl.count,
opts.solid ? " (SOLID MODE)" : "");
if (opts.threads > 1)
fprintf(stderr, " Threads: %d\n", opts.threads);
if (opts.encrypt) fprintf(stderr, " Encryption: ENABLED\n");
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
zupt_error_t err;
if (opts.solid) {
err = zupt_compress_solid(output,
(const char**)fl.arc_paths, (const char**)fl.paths, fl.count, &opts);
} else {
err = zupt_compress_files(output,
(const char**)fl.arc_paths, (const char**)fl.paths, fl.count, &opts);
}
zupt_filelist_free(&fl);
zupt_secure_wipe(opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
return err==ZUPT_OK ? 0 : 1;
}
/* ─── extract ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"extract")||streq(cmd,"x")) {
zupt_options_t opts; zupt_default_options(&opts);
const char *outdir = NULL;
int ai = 2;
while (ai<argc && isopt(argv[ai])) {
if ((streq(argv[ai],"-o")||streq(argv[ai],"--output"))&&ai+1<argc)
outdir = argv[++ai];
else if (streq(argv[ai],"-p")||streq(argv[ai],"--password")) {
opts.encrypt=1;
if (ai+1<argc && !isopt(argv[ai+1])) strncpy(opts.password,argv[++ai],sizeof(opts.password)-1);
else prompt_password("Password: ", opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
} else if (streq(argv[ai],"-v")||streq(argv[ai],"--verbose")) opts.verbose=1;
else if ((streq(argv[ai],"-t")||streq(argv[ai],"--threads"))&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.threads=atoi(argv[++ai]);
if(opts.threads<0)opts.threads=0;
if(opts.threads>ZUPT_MAX_THREADS)opts.threads=ZUPT_MAX_THREADS;
}
else if (streq(argv[ai],"--pq")&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.pq_mode=1; opts.encrypt=1;
strncpy(opts.keyfile, argv[++ai], sizeof(opts.keyfile)-1);
}
else { fprintf(stderr,"Unknown option '%s'\n",argv[ai]); return 1; }
ai++;
}
if (ai>=argc) { fprintf(stderr,"Error: extract requires <archive.zupt>\n"); return 1; }
banner();
zupt_error_t err = zupt_extract_archive(argv[ai], outdir, &opts);
zupt_secure_wipe(opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
return err==ZUPT_OK ? 0 : 1;
}
/* ─── list ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"list")||streq(cmd,"l")) {
zupt_options_t opts; zupt_default_options(&opts);
int ai = 2;
while (ai<argc && isopt(argv[ai])) {
if (streq(argv[ai],"-v")||streq(argv[ai],"--verbose")) opts.verbose=1;
else if (streq(argv[ai],"-p")||streq(argv[ai],"--password")) {
opts.encrypt=1;
if (ai+1<argc && !isopt(argv[ai+1])) strncpy(opts.password,argv[++ai],sizeof(opts.password)-1);
else prompt_password("Password: ", opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
}
else if (streq(argv[ai],"--pq")&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.pq_mode=1; opts.encrypt=1;
strncpy(opts.keyfile, argv[++ai], sizeof(opts.keyfile)-1);
}
else { fprintf(stderr,"Unknown option '%s'\n",argv[ai]); return 1; }
ai++;
}
if (ai>=argc) { fprintf(stderr,"Error: list requires <archive.zupt>\n"); return 1; }
zupt_error_t err = zupt_list_archive(argv[ai], &opts);
zupt_secure_wipe(opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
return err==ZUPT_OK ? 0 : 1;
}
/* ─── test ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"test")||streq(cmd,"t")) {
zupt_options_t opts; zupt_default_options(&opts);
int ai = 2;
while (ai<argc && isopt(argv[ai])) {
if (streq(argv[ai],"-v")||streq(argv[ai],"--verbose")) opts.verbose=1;
else if (streq(argv[ai],"-p")||streq(argv[ai],"--password")) {
opts.encrypt=1;
if (ai+1<argc && !isopt(argv[ai+1])) strncpy(opts.password,argv[++ai],sizeof(opts.password)-1);
else prompt_password("Password: ", opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
}
else if (streq(argv[ai],"--pq")&&ai+1<argc) {
opts.pq_mode=1; opts.encrypt=1;
strncpy(opts.keyfile, argv[++ai], sizeof(opts.keyfile)-1);
}
else { fprintf(stderr,"Unknown option '%s'\n",argv[ai]); return 1; }
ai++;
}
if (ai>=argc) { fprintf(stderr,"Error: test requires <archive.zupt>\n"); return 1; }
banner();
zupt_error_t err = zupt_test_archive(argv[ai], &opts);
zupt_secure_wipe(opts.password, sizeof(opts.password));
return err==ZUPT_OK ? 0 : 1;
}
/* ─── bench ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"bench")||streq(cmd,"b")) {
int ai = 2;
if (ai >= argc) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: bench requires <files/dirs...>\n"); return 1; }
zupt_filelist_t fl; zupt_filelist_init(&fl);
for (int i = ai; i < argc; i++)
zupt_collect_files(&fl, argv[i], argv[i]);
if (fl.count == 0) { fprintf(stderr, "No files found.\n"); zupt_filelist_free(&fl); return 1; }
/* Compute total input size */
uint64_t total_in = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < fl.count; i++) {
FILE *tf = fopen(fl.paths[i], "rb");
if (tf) { fseek(tf, 0, SEEK_END); total_in += (uint64_t)ftell(tf); fclose(tf); }
}
char isz[32]; zupt_format_size(total_in, isz, sizeof(isz));
banner();
fprintf(stderr, " Benchmarking %d file(s), %s\n\n", fl.count, isz);
fprintf(stderr, " %-7s %12s %10s %10s %10s\n", "Level", "Compressed", "Ratio", "%", "Speed");
fprintf(stderr, " ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────\n");
char tmp_path[256];
snprintf(tmp_path, sizeof(tmp_path), "/tmp/zupt_bench_%d.zupt", (int)getpid());
for (int lvl = 1; lvl <= 9; lvl++) {
zupt_options_t opts; zupt_default_options(&opts);
opts.level = lvl;
opts.verbose = 0;
opts.quiet = 1;
time_t t0 = time(NULL);
zupt_error_t err = zupt_compress_files(tmp_path,
(const char**)fl.arc_paths, (const char**)fl.paths, fl.count, &opts);
time_t elapsed = time(NULL) - t0;
if (elapsed < 1) elapsed = 1;
if (err == ZUPT_OK) {
FILE *zf = fopen(tmp_path, "rb");
uint64_t zsize = 0;
if (zf) { fseek(zf, 0, SEEK_END); zsize = (uint64_t)ftell(zf); fclose(zf); }
char csz[32]; zupt_format_size(zsize, csz, sizeof(csz));
double ratio = total_in > 0 ? (double)total_in / (double)zsize : 1.0;
double pct = total_in > 0 ? (double)zsize / (double)total_in * 100.0 : 100.0;
double speed = (double)total_in / (double)elapsed / 1048576.0;
fprintf(stderr, " %-7d %12s %9.2f:1 %9.1f%% %8.1f MB/s\n",
lvl, csz, ratio, pct, speed);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, " %-7d %12s\n", lvl, "FAILED");
}
remove(tmp_path);
}
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
zupt_filelist_free(&fl);
return 0;
}
/* ─── keygen ─── */
if (streq(cmd,"keygen")) {
const char *outfile = NULL;
const char *privfile = NULL;
int export_pub = 0;
int ai = 2;
while (ai < argc && isopt(argv[ai])) {
if ((streq(argv[ai],"-o")||streq(argv[ai],"--output")) && ai+1 < argc)
outfile = argv[++ai];
else if ((streq(argv[ai],"-k")||streq(argv[ai],"--key")) && ai+1 < argc)
privfile = argv[++ai];
else if (streq(argv[ai],"--pub"))
export_pub = 1;
else { fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option '%s'\n", argv[ai]); return 1; }
ai++;
}
if (!outfile) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: keygen requires -o <output_file>\n");
fprintf(stderr, " zupt keygen -o keyfile.key # Generate keypair\n");
fprintf(stderr, " zupt keygen --pub -o pub.key -k priv.key # Export public key\n");
return 1;
}
banner();
if (export_pub) {
if (!privfile) { fprintf(stderr, "Error: --pub requires -k <private_keyfile>\n"); return 1; }
fprintf(stderr, " Exporting public key from: %s\n", privfile);
if (zupt_hybrid_export_pubkey(privfile, outfile) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to export public key.\n"); return 1;
}
fprintf(stderr, " Public key written to: %s\n", outfile);
} else {
fprintf(stderr, " Generating ML-KEM-768 + X25519 keypair...\n");
if (zupt_hybrid_keygen(outfile) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: Key generation failed.\n"); return 1;
}
fprintf(stderr, " Private key written to: %s\n", outfile);
fprintf(stderr, " SECURITY: Keep this file secret. Back it up securely.\n");
fprintf(stderr, " To export public key: zupt keygen --pub -o pub.key -k %s\n", outfile);
}
return 0;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command '%s'. Run 'zupt help'.\n", cmd);
return 1;
}

658
src/zupt_mlkem.c Normal file
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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* ML-KEM-768 (FIPS 203, formerly CRYSTALS-Kyber).
* Pure C11, zero dependencies. Uses zupt_keccak.h for SHA3/SHAKE.
*
* SECURITY NOTE: This implementation targets correctness against FIPS 203
* and constant-time operation. It MUST undergo independent cryptographic
* review before use in high-assurance production environments.
*
* CT-REQUIRED markers indicate operations that must be constant-time.
* All polynomial operations avoid secret-dependent branches.
* Implicit rejection in decaps uses constant-time conditional select.
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include "zupt_mlkem.h"
#include "zupt_keccak.h"
#include "zupt.h" /* for zupt_random_bytes, zupt_secure_wipe */
#include <string.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* MODULAR ARITHMETIC
* q = 3329, using Barrett reduction for constant-time mod.
* */
#define Q 3329
#define QINV (-3327) /* q^(-1) mod 2^16 (signed) = 62209 unsigned */
/* CT-REQUIRED: Barrett reduction. No branches. */
static int16_t barrett_reduce(int16_t a) {
/* v = round(2^26 / q) = 20159 */
int16_t t = (int16_t)(((int32_t)20159 * a + (1 << 25)) >> 26);
t = (int16_t)(a - t * Q);
return t;
}
/* CT-REQUIRED: Montgomery reduction. */
static int16_t montgomery_reduce(int32_t a) {
int16_t t = (int16_t)((int16_t)a * (int16_t)QINV);
t = (int16_t)((a - (int32_t)t * Q) >> 16);
return t;
}
/* CT-REQUIRED: Constant-time conditional move (no branch on b) */
static void cmov(uint8_t *r, const uint8_t *x, size_t len, uint8_t b) {
uint8_t mask = -(uint8_t)(b & 1);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
r[i] ^= mask & (r[i] ^ x[i]);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* NTT Number Theoretic Transform
*
* ζ = 17 is a primitive 256th root of unity mod 3329.
* Zetas in Montgomery domain, bit-reversed order per FIPS 203.
* */
/* Precomputed zetas[i] = 17^(BitRev7(i)) * R mod q, where R = 2^16 mod q
* These are in signed representation [-q/2, q/2] */
static const int16_t zetas[128] = {
-1044, -758, -359, -1517, 1493, 1422, 287, 202,
3158, 622, 1577, 182, 962, 2127, 1855, 1468,
573, 2004, 264, 383, 2500, 1458, 1727, 3199,
2648, 1017, 732, 608, 1787, 411, 3124, 1758,
1223, 652, 2777, 1015, 2036, 1491, 3047, 1785,
516, 3321, 3009, 2663, 1711, 2167, 126, 1469,
2476, 3239, 3058, 830, 107, 1908, 3082, 2378,
2931, 961, 1821, 2604, 448, 2264, 677, 2054,
2226, 430, 555, 843, 2078, 871, 1550, 105,
422, 587, 177, 3094, 3038, 2869, 1574, 1653,
3083, 778, 1159, 3182, 2552, 1483, 2727, 1119,
1739, 644, 2457, 349, 418, 329, 3173, 3254,
817, 1097, 603, 610, 1322, 2044, 1864, 384,
2114, 3193, 1218, 1994, 2455, 220, 2142, 1670,
2144, 1799, 2051, 794, 1819, 2475, 2459, 478,
3221, 3021, 996, 991, 958, 1869, 1522, 1628
};
/* CT-REQUIRED: NTT — no secret-dependent array indices */
static void ntt(int16_t r[256]) {
int k = 1;
for (int len = 128; len >= 2; len >>= 1) {
for (int start = 0; start < 256; start += 2*len) {
int16_t zeta = zetas[k++];
for (int j = start; j < start + len; j++) {
int16_t t = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)zeta * r[j + len]);
r[j + len] = r[j] - t;
r[j] = r[j] + t;
}
}
}
}
/* Inverse NTT per reference pqcrystals/kyber — uses SAME zetas table, k counts down.
* Final scaling by f = 1441 (mont^{-1} * n^{-1} mod q). */
static void inv_ntt(int16_t r[256]) {
int k = 127;
for (int len = 2; len <= 128; len <<= 1) {
for (int start = 0; start < 256; start += 2*len) {
int16_t zeta = zetas[k--];
for (int j = start; j < start + len; j++) {
int16_t t = r[j];
r[j] = barrett_reduce(t + r[j + len]);
r[j + len] = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)zeta * (r[j + len] - t));
}
}
}
/* Multiply by f = 1441 = mont^{-1} * 128^{-1} mod q */
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
r[i] = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)1441 * r[i]);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* POLYNOMIAL OPERATIONS
* */
typedef int16_t poly[256];
typedef poly polyvec[MLKEM_K];
/* Pointwise multiply in NTT domain (basemul per FIPS 203 §4.4)
* CT-REQUIRED: No secret-dependent branches.
* Reference: pqcrystals/kyber basemul each fqmul is a separate montgomery_reduce.
* r[0] = fqmul(fqmul(a1,b1), zeta) + fqmul(a0,b0)
* r[1] = fqmul(a0,b1) + fqmul(a1,b0)
* Second pair uses -zeta. */
static void basemul_pair(int16_t r[2], const int16_t a[2], const int16_t b[2], int16_t zeta) {
r[0] = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)montgomery_reduce((int32_t)a[1] * b[1]) * zeta);
r[0] = (int16_t)(r[0] + montgomery_reduce((int32_t)a[0] * b[0]));
r[1] = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)a[0] * b[1]);
r[1] = (int16_t)(r[1] + montgomery_reduce((int32_t)a[1] * b[0]));
}
static void poly_basemul(poly r, const poly a, const poly b) {
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
basemul_pair(&r[4*i], &a[4*i], &b[4*i], zetas[64 + i]);
basemul_pair(&r[4*i+2], &a[4*i+2], &b[4*i+2], (int16_t)(-zetas[64 + i]));
}
}
static void poly_add(poly r, const poly a, const poly b) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) r[i] = a[i] + b[i];
}
static void poly_sub(poly r, const poly a, const poly b) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) r[i] = a[i] - b[i];
}
static void poly_reduce(poly r) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) r[i] = barrett_reduce(r[i]);
}
/* Convert polynomial to Montgomery domain: multiply each coeff by R = 2^16 mod Q.
* Reference: pqcrystals/kyber poly_tomont(). Required after basemul accumulation
* to compensate for the R^{-1} factor introduced by Montgomery multiplication.
* f = 2^32 mod Q = 1353, then mont(coeff * f) = coeff * 2^32 / 2^16 = coeff * R */
#define TOMONT_CONST 1353 /* 2^32 mod 3329 — verified: 4294967296 mod 3329 = 1353 */
static void poly_tomont(poly r) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
r[i] = montgomery_reduce((int32_t)r[i] * TOMONT_CONST);
}
/* Polyvec inner product in NTT domain */
static void polyvec_ntt(polyvec pv) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) ntt(pv[i]);
}
static void polyvec_invntt(polyvec pv) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) inv_ntt(pv[i]);
}
static void polyvec_pointwise_acc(poly r, const polyvec a, const polyvec b) {
poly t;
poly_basemul(r, a[0], b[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < MLKEM_K; i++) {
poly_basemul(t, a[i], b[i]);
poly_add(r, r, t);
}
poly_reduce(r);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SAMPLING
* */
/* CBD(η=2): sample polynomial from centered binomial distribution */
static void cbd2(poly r, const uint8_t buf[128]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256/8; i++) {
uint32_t t = (uint32_t)buf[4*i] | ((uint32_t)buf[4*i+1] << 8) |
((uint32_t)buf[4*i+2] << 16) | ((uint32_t)buf[4*i+3] << 24);
uint32_t d = (t & 0x55555555) + ((t >> 1) & 0x55555555);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
int16_t a = (int16_t)((d >> (4*j)) & 3);
int16_t b = (int16_t)((d >> (4*j+2)) & 3);
r[8*i+j] = a - b;
}
}
}
/* Sample polynomial uniformly from SHAKE-128 stream (rejection sampling) */
static void poly_uniform(poly r, const uint8_t seed[32], uint8_t i, uint8_t j) {
uint8_t extseed[34];
memcpy(extseed, seed, 32);
extseed[32] = i;
extseed[33] = j;
zupt_keccak_ctx ctx;
zupt_shake128_init(&ctx);
zupt_shake128_absorb(&ctx, extseed, 34);
zupt_shake128_finalize(&ctx);
int ctr = 0;
while (ctr < 256) {
uint8_t buf[3];
zupt_shake128_squeeze(&ctx, buf, 3);
uint16_t d1 = ((uint16_t)buf[0] | ((uint16_t)(buf[1] & 0x0F) << 8));
uint16_t d2 = ((uint16_t)(buf[1] >> 4) | ((uint16_t)buf[2] << 4));
if (d1 < Q) r[ctr++] = (int16_t)d1;
if (ctr < 256 && d2 < Q) r[ctr++] = (int16_t)d2;
}
}
/* Sample noise polynomial via PRF (SHAKE-256) + CBD */
static void poly_noise(poly r, const uint8_t seed[32], uint8_t nonce) {
uint8_t extseed[33];
memcpy(extseed, seed, 32);
extseed[32] = nonce;
uint8_t buf[128]; /* η*N/4 = 2*256/4 = 128 */
zupt_shake256(extseed, 33, buf, 128);
cbd2(r, buf);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* ENCODE / DECODE
* */
/* Encode polynomial with d bits per coefficient */
static void poly_tobytes(uint8_t *r, const poly a) {
/* 12 bits per coefficient, 256 coeffs = 384 bytes */
for (int i = 0; i < 256/2; i++) {
uint16_t t0 = (uint16_t)((a[2*i] % Q + Q) % Q);
uint16_t t1 = (uint16_t)((a[2*i+1] % Q + Q) % Q);
r[3*i] = (uint8_t)(t0);
r[3*i+1] = (uint8_t)((t0 >> 8) | (t1 << 4));
r[3*i+2] = (uint8_t)(t1 >> 4);
}
}
static void poly_frombytes(poly r, const uint8_t *a) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256/2; i++) {
r[2*i] = (int16_t)(((uint16_t)a[3*i] | ((uint16_t)(a[3*i+1] & 0x0F) << 8)));
r[2*i+1] = (int16_t)(((uint16_t)(a[3*i+1] >> 4) | ((uint16_t)a[3*i+2] << 4)));
}
}
/* Compress: round(2^d / q * x) mod 2^d */
static void poly_compress(uint8_t *r, const poly a, int d) {
if (d == 10) {
/* 10 bits per coeff, 256 coeffs = 320 bytes */
for (int i = 0; i < 256/4; i++) {
uint16_t t[4];
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
int16_t x = a[4*i+j];
x = (int16_t)((x % Q + Q) % Q);
t[j] = (uint16_t)(((uint32_t)x * (1 << d) + Q/2) / Q);
t[j] &= (1 << d) - 1;
}
r[5*i] = (uint8_t)(t[0]);
r[5*i+1] = (uint8_t)((t[0] >> 8) | (t[1] << 2));
r[5*i+2] = (uint8_t)((t[1] >> 6) | (t[2] << 4));
r[5*i+3] = (uint8_t)((t[2] >> 4) | (t[3] << 6));
r[5*i+4] = (uint8_t)(t[3] >> 2);
}
} else if (d == 4) {
/* 4 bits per coeff = 128 bytes */
for (int i = 0; i < 256/2; i++) {
uint8_t t0, t1;
int16_t x0 = (int16_t)((a[2*i] % Q + Q) % Q);
int16_t x1 = (int16_t)((a[2*i+1] % Q + Q) % Q);
t0 = (uint8_t)(((uint32_t)x0 * 16 + Q/2) / Q) & 0xF;
t1 = (uint8_t)(((uint32_t)x1 * 16 + Q/2) / Q) & 0xF;
r[i] = t0 | (t1 << 4);
}
}
}
static void poly_decompress(poly r, const uint8_t *a, int d) {
if (d == 10) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256/4; i++) {
uint16_t t[4];
t[0] = ((uint16_t)a[5*i] | ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+1] & 3) << 8));
t[1] = ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+1] >> 2) | ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+2] & 0xF) << 6));
t[2] = ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+2] >> 4) | ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+3] & 0x3F) << 4));
t[3] = ((uint16_t)(a[5*i+3] >> 6) | ((uint16_t)a[5*i+4] << 2));
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
r[4*i+j] = (int16_t)(((uint32_t)(t[j] & 0x3FF) * Q + 512) >> 10);
}
} else if (d == 4) {
for (int i = 0; i < 256/2; i++) {
r[2*i] = (int16_t)(((uint32_t)(a[i] & 0xF) * Q + 8) >> 4);
r[2*i+1] = (int16_t)(((uint32_t)(a[i] >> 4) * Q + 8) >> 4);
}
}
}
/* Polyvec encode/decode (12 bits per coeff) */
static void polyvec_tobytes(uint8_t *r, const polyvec a) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_tobytes(r + i*384, a[i]);
}
static void polyvec_frombytes(polyvec r, const uint8_t *a) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_frombytes(r[i], a + i*384);
}
static void polyvec_compress(uint8_t *r, const polyvec a) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_compress(r + i*320, a[i], MLKEM_DU);
}
static void polyvec_decompress(polyvec r, const uint8_t *a) {
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_decompress(r[i], a + i*320, MLKEM_DU);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* K-PKE: IND-CPA-secure public key encryption (FIPS 203 §7.2-7.3)
* */
/* Generate K-PKE keypair. d = random 32-byte seed. */
static void kpke_keygen(uint8_t pk[1184], uint8_t sk_pke[1152], const uint8_t d[32]) {
uint8_t buf[64];
/* G(d ‖ k) */
uint8_t dk[33];
memcpy(dk, d, 32);
dk[32] = MLKEM_K;
zupt_sha3_512(dk, 33, buf);
uint8_t *rho = buf; /* 32 bytes: public seed */
uint8_t *sigma = buf+32; /* 32 bytes: noise seed */
/* Generate matrix A (in NTT domain) from rho */
polyvec Ahat[MLKEM_K];
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < MLKEM_K; j++)
poly_uniform(Ahat[i][j], rho, (uint8_t)i, (uint8_t)j);
/* Sample secret vector s */
polyvec s;
uint8_t nonce = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
poly_noise(s[i], sigma, nonce++);
/* Sample error vector e */
polyvec e;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
poly_noise(e[i], sigma, nonce++);
/* NTT(s), NTT(e) */
polyvec_ntt(s);
polyvec_ntt(e);
/* t_hat = A_hat ∘ s_hat + e_hat
* ZUPT-COMPAT: poly_tomont after basemul compensates for R^{-1} factor
* from Montgomery multiplication, matching reference pqcrystals/kyber. */
polyvec t_hat;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) {
polyvec_pointwise_acc(t_hat[i], Ahat[i], s);
poly_tomont(t_hat[i]);
poly_add(t_hat[i], t_hat[i], e[i]);
poly_reduce(t_hat[i]);
}
/* pk = encode(t_hat) ‖ rho */
polyvec_tobytes(pk, t_hat);
memcpy(pk + MLKEM_K*384, rho, 32);
/* sk_pke = encode(s_hat) */
polyvec_tobytes(sk_pke, s);
zupt_secure_wipe(buf, sizeof(buf));
zupt_secure_wipe(s, sizeof(s));
zupt_secure_wipe(e, sizeof(e));
}
/* K-PKE encrypt: encrypt message m (32 bytes) under pk with randomness r (32 bytes) */
static void kpke_encrypt(uint8_t ct[1088], const uint8_t pk[1184],
const uint8_t m[32], const uint8_t r[32]) {
/* Decode pk */
polyvec t_hat;
polyvec_frombytes(t_hat, pk);
uint8_t rho[32];
memcpy(rho, pk + MLKEM_K*384, 32);
/* Regenerate A^T from rho (transposed) */
polyvec AT[MLKEM_K];
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < MLKEM_K; j++)
poly_uniform(AT[i][j], rho, (uint8_t)j, (uint8_t)i);
/* Sample r_vec, e1, e2 */
polyvec r_vec;
uint8_t nonce = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
poly_noise(r_vec[i], r, nonce++);
polyvec e1;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++)
poly_noise(e1[i], r, nonce++);
poly e2;
poly_noise(e2, r, nonce);
polyvec_ntt(r_vec);
/* u = NTT^-1(A^T ∘ r_hat) + e1 */
polyvec u;
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) {
polyvec_pointwise_acc(u[i], AT[i], r_vec);
}
polyvec_invntt(u);
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_add(u[i], u[i], e1[i]);
/* v = NTT^-1(t_hat^T ∘ r_hat) + e2 + Decompress(m, 1) */
poly v;
polyvec_pointwise_acc(v, t_hat, r_vec);
inv_ntt(v);
poly_add(v, v, e2);
/* Decompress message: each bit → Q/2 or 0 */
poly mp;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
mp[i] = (int16_t)(-(int16_t)((m[i/8] >> (i%8)) & 1) & ((Q+1)/2));
}
poly_add(v, v, mp);
/* Compress and encode */
for (int i = 0; i < MLKEM_K; i++) poly_reduce(u[i]);
poly_reduce(v);
polyvec_compress(ct, u);
poly_compress(ct + MLKEM_K*320, v, MLKEM_DV);
zupt_secure_wipe(r_vec, sizeof(r_vec));
zupt_secure_wipe(e1, sizeof(e1));
zupt_secure_wipe(&e2, sizeof(e2));
}
/* K-PKE decrypt */
static void kpke_decrypt(uint8_t m[32], const uint8_t ct[1088],
const uint8_t sk_pke[1152]) {
polyvec u;
polyvec_decompress(u, ct);
poly v;
poly_decompress(v, ct + MLKEM_K*320, MLKEM_DV);
polyvec s_hat;
polyvec_frombytes(s_hat, sk_pke);
polyvec_ntt(u);
poly w;
polyvec_pointwise_acc(w, s_hat, u);
inv_ntt(w);
poly_sub(w, v, w);
poly_reduce(w);
/* Compress to 1 bit per coefficient → message */
memset(m, 0, 32);
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
int16_t x = (int16_t)((w[i] % Q + Q) % Q);
/* Round: closest to 0 or Q/2? */
uint16_t t = (uint16_t)(((uint32_t)x * 2 + Q/2) / Q) & 1;
m[i/8] |= (uint8_t)(t << (i%8));
}
zupt_secure_wipe(s_hat, sizeof(s_hat));
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* ML-KEM-768 CCAKEM (FIPS 203 §7.1, §7.4)
* Fujisaki-Okamoto transform for CCA security.
* */
int zupt_mlkem768_keygen(uint8_t pk[1184], uint8_t sk[2400]) {
/* d ← random 32 bytes */
uint8_t d[32];
zupt_random_bytes(d, 32);
/* z ← random 32 bytes (for implicit rejection) */
uint8_t z[32];
zupt_random_bytes(z, 32);
/* Generate K-PKE keypair */
uint8_t sk_pke[1152];
kpke_keygen(pk, sk_pke, d);
/* sk = sk_pke ‖ pk ‖ H(pk) ‖ z */
memcpy(sk, sk_pke, 1152);
memcpy(sk + 1152, pk, 1184);
zupt_sha3_256(pk, 1184, sk + 1152 + 1184); /* H(pk) */
memcpy(sk + 1152 + 1184 + 32, z, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(d, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(z, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(sk_pke, sizeof(sk_pke));
return 0;
}
int zupt_mlkem768_encaps(uint8_t ct[1088], uint8_t ss[32],
const uint8_t pk[1184]) {
/* m ← random 32 bytes */
uint8_t m[32];
zupt_random_bytes(m, 32);
/* (K, r) = G(m ‖ H(pk)) */
uint8_t h_pk[32];
zupt_sha3_256(pk, 1184, h_pk);
uint8_t kr_input[64];
memcpy(kr_input, m, 32);
memcpy(kr_input + 32, h_pk, 32);
uint8_t kr[64];
zupt_sha3_512(kr_input, 64, kr);
/* Encrypt m under pk with randomness r */
kpke_encrypt(ct, pk, m, kr + 32);
/* K = KDF(kr[0:32] ‖ H(ct)) */
uint8_t h_ct[32];
zupt_sha3_256(ct, 1088, h_ct);
uint8_t kdf_in[64];
memcpy(kdf_in, kr, 32);
memcpy(kdf_in + 32, h_ct, 32);
zupt_shake256(kdf_in, 64, ss, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(m, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(kr, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(kr_input, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(kdf_in, 64);
return 0;
}
/* CT-REQUIRED: Implicit rejection — if ciphertext is invalid, produce
* pseudorandom ss from z (no distinguishable failure). Both paths execute
* fully; final selection uses constant-time conditional move. */
int zupt_mlkem768_decaps(uint8_t ss[32], const uint8_t ct[1088],
const uint8_t sk[2400]) {
/* Parse sk = sk_pke ‖ pk ‖ h ‖ z */
const uint8_t *sk_pke = sk;
const uint8_t *pk = sk + 1152;
const uint8_t *h = sk + 1152 + 1184;
const uint8_t *z = sk + 1152 + 1184 + 32;
/* Decrypt to get m' */
uint8_t m_prime[32];
kpke_decrypt(m_prime, ct, sk_pke);
/* (K', r') = G(m' ‖ h) */
uint8_t kr_input[64];
memcpy(kr_input, m_prime, 32);
memcpy(kr_input + 32, h, 32);
uint8_t kr[64];
zupt_sha3_512(kr_input, 64, kr);
/* Re-encrypt: ct' = Encrypt(pk, m', r') */
uint8_t ct_prime[1088];
kpke_encrypt(ct_prime, pk, m_prime, kr + 32);
/* CT-REQUIRED: Compare ct and ct' in constant time */
uint8_t diff = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 1088; i++)
diff |= ct[i] ^ ct_prime[i];
/* Compute success key: K = KDF(kr[0:32] ‖ H(ct)) */
uint8_t h_ct[32];
zupt_sha3_256(ct, 1088, h_ct);
uint8_t kdf_success[64];
memcpy(kdf_success, kr, 32);
memcpy(kdf_success + 32, h_ct, 32);
uint8_t ss_success[32];
zupt_shake256(kdf_success, 64, ss_success, 32);
/* Compute rejection key: K_bar = KDF(z ‖ H(ct)) */
uint8_t kdf_reject[64];
memcpy(kdf_reject, z, 32);
memcpy(kdf_reject + 32, h_ct, 32);
uint8_t ss_reject[32];
zupt_shake256(kdf_reject, 64, ss_reject, 32);
/* CT-REQUIRED: Select success or reject key without branching.
* If diff == 0 (ct matches): use ss_success.
* If diff != 0 (ct differs): use ss_reject (implicit rejection).
*
* Convert diff (0 or nonzero) to fail (0 or 1) using constant-time
* bit trick: fail = ((-(uint64_t)diff) >> 63) & 1 */
uint8_t fail = (uint8_t)(((-(int64_t)(uint64_t)diff) >> 63) & 1);
memcpy(ss, ss_reject, 32);
cmov(ss, ss_success, 32, (uint8_t)(1 - fail));
zupt_secure_wipe(m_prime, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(kr, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(kr_input, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(ct_prime, sizeof(ct_prime));
zupt_secure_wipe(kdf_success, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(kdf_reject, 64);
zupt_secure_wipe(ss_success, 32);
zupt_secure_wipe(ss_reject, 32);
return 0;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SELF-TEST verify internal operations
* */
int zupt_mlkem768_selftest(void) {
int ok = 1;
/* Test 1: NTT roundtrip — ntt then inv_ntt should recover original */
{
poly a, b;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) a[i] = (int16_t)(i * 17 % Q);
memcpy(b, a, sizeof(a));
ntt(b);
inv_ntt(b);
int ntt_ok = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
int16_t diff = (int16_t)((b[i] % Q + Q) % Q) - (int16_t)((a[i] % Q + Q) % Q);
if ((diff % Q + Q) % Q != 0) { ntt_ok = 0; break; }
}
if (!ntt_ok) { fprintf(stderr, " MLKEM selftest: NTT roundtrip FAILED\n"); ok = 0; }
}
/* Test 2: K-PKE encrypt/decrypt roundtrip */
{
uint8_t d[32], pk[1184], sk_pke[1152];
zupt_random_bytes(d, 32);
kpke_keygen(pk, sk_pke, d);
uint8_t m[32], r[32], ct[1088], m2[32];
zupt_random_bytes(m, 32);
zupt_random_bytes(r, 32);
kpke_encrypt(ct, pk, m, r);
kpke_decrypt(m2, ct, sk_pke);
if (memcmp(m, m2, 32) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, " MLKEM selftest: K-PKE roundtrip FAILED\n");
fprintf(stderr, " m[0:4]: %02x%02x%02x%02x\n", m[0],m[1],m[2],m[3]);
fprintf(stderr, " m2[0:4]: %02x%02x%02x%02x\n", m2[0],m2[1],m2[2],m2[3]);
ok = 0;
}
}
/* Test 3: Full KEM encaps/decaps */
{
uint8_t pk[1184], sk[2400], ct[1088], ss1[32], ss2[32];
zupt_mlkem768_keygen(pk, sk);
zupt_mlkem768_encaps(ct, ss1, pk);
zupt_mlkem768_decaps(ss2, ct, sk);
if (memcmp(ss1, ss2, 32) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, " MLKEM selftest: KEM roundtrip FAILED\n");
ok = 0;
}
}
return ok ? 0 : -1;
}

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* ML-KEM-768 (FIPS 203, formerly CRYSTALS-Kyber).
* Post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism.
*
* Parameters (ML-KEM-768):
* k = 3, η = 2, η = 2, d_u = 10, d_v = 4
* Public key: 1184 bytes
* Secret key: 2400 bytes
* Ciphertext: 1088 bytes
* Shared secret: 32 bytes
*
* SECURITY NOTE: This implementation must undergo independent review
* before deployment in high-assurance contexts. It targets correctness
* against NIST test vectors and constant-time operation.
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_MLKEM_H
#define ZUPT_MLKEM_H
#include <stdint.h>
#define MLKEM_K 3
#define MLKEM_N 256
#define MLKEM_Q 3329
#define MLKEM_ETA1 2
#define MLKEM_ETA2 2
#define MLKEM_DU 10
#define MLKEM_DV 4
#define MLKEM_PUBLICKEYBYTES 1184
#define MLKEM_SECRETKEYBYTES 2400
#define MLKEM_CIPHERTEXTBYTES 1088
#define MLKEM_SSBYTES 32
/* KeyGen: generate public/secret keypair.
* pk: output public key (1184 bytes)
* sk: output secret key (2400 bytes)
* Returns 0 on success. */
int zupt_mlkem768_keygen(uint8_t pk[MLKEM_PUBLICKEYBYTES],
uint8_t sk[MLKEM_SECRETKEYBYTES]);
/* Encapsulate: produce ciphertext and shared secret from public key.
* ct: output ciphertext (1088 bytes)
* ss: output shared secret (32 bytes)
* pk: input public key (1184 bytes)
* Returns 0 on success. */
int zupt_mlkem768_encaps(uint8_t ct[MLKEM_CIPHERTEXTBYTES],
uint8_t ss[MLKEM_SSBYTES],
const uint8_t pk[MLKEM_PUBLICKEYBYTES]);
/* Decapsulate: recover shared secret from ciphertext and secret key.
* ss: output shared secret (32 bytes)
* ct: input ciphertext (1088 bytes)
* sk: input secret key (2400 bytes)
* Returns 0 on success.
* CT-REQUIRED: Implicit rejection invalid ciphertext produces a
* pseudorandom shared secret (no distinguishable failure). */
int zupt_mlkem768_decaps(uint8_t ss[MLKEM_SSBYTES],
const uint8_t ct[MLKEM_CIPHERTEXTBYTES],
const uint8_t sk[MLKEM_SECRETKEYBYTES]);
#endif

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/*
* ZUPT v0.6.0 Parallel Compress / Decompress Pipeline
*
* Architecture: batch-parallel with persistent worker threads.
*
* Compression worker (one block):
* 1. Read input from slot
* 2. Compute XXH64 checksum of uncompressed data
* 3. Compress (LZHP / LZH / LZ / Store fallback)
* 4. Encrypt if keyring active (per-block nonce = base_nonce XOR block_seq)
* 5. Store result in slot, set DONE
*
* Decompression worker (one block):
* 1. If encrypted: verify HMAC FIRST, then decrypt (Encrypt-then-MAC)
* 2. Decompress (codec-specific)
* 3. Verify XXH64 checksum
* 4. Store result in slot, set DONE
*
* Security invariants preserved:
* - HMAC verified BEFORE decryption in every worker
* - Per-block nonce = base_nonce XOR block_seq (unchanged, deterministic)
* - Keyring is read-only shared state (copied at context creation)
* - zupt_secure_wipe() called on any intermediate crypto buffers
* - No new global mutable state
*/
#include "zupt_parallel.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* WORKER: COMPRESS ONE BLOCK
*
* Identical logic to the single-threaded inner loop in zupt_format.c.
* Each worker has its own stack-allocated compress buffer.
* */
static void worker_compress(zpar_slot_t *slot, const zupt_keyring_t *kr) {
const uint8_t *rbuf = slot->input;
size_t nread = slot->input_len;
int level = slot->level;
uint16_t codec = slot->codec_id;
/* Checksum of uncompressed data (per-block, for archive integrity) */
slot->checksum = zupt_xxh64(rbuf, nread, 0);
/* Allocate compress buffer */
size_t cbuf_cap = zupt_lzh_bound(nread) + 512;
uint8_t *cbuf = (uint8_t *)malloc(cbuf_cap);
if (!cbuf) { slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM; return; }
size_t comp_size = 0;
if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZHP) {
uint8_t pred[256];
float benefit = zupt_predict_benefit(rbuf, nread);
if (benefit > 0.03f && nread > 256) {
zupt_predict_build(rbuf, nread, pred);
uint8_t *transformed = (uint8_t *)malloc(nread);
if (transformed) {
zupt_predict_encode(rbuf, transformed, nread, pred);
size_t lzh_cap = zupt_lzh_bound(nread);
uint8_t *lzh_out = cbuf + 1 + 256;
size_t lzh_size = zupt_lzh_compress(transformed, nread, lzh_out, lzh_cap, level);
free(transformed);
if (lzh_size > 0 && 1 + 256 + lzh_size < nread) {
cbuf[0] = 0x01;
memcpy(cbuf + 1, pred, 256);
comp_size = 1 + 256 + lzh_size;
} else {
cbuf[0] = 0x00;
size_t plain = zupt_lzh_compress(rbuf, nread, cbuf + 1, lzh_cap, level);
if (plain > 0 && 1 + plain < nread)
comp_size = 1 + plain;
}
}
} else {
cbuf[0] = 0x00;
size_t lzh_cap = zupt_lzh_bound(nread);
size_t plain = zupt_lzh_compress(rbuf, nread, cbuf + 1, lzh_cap, level);
if (plain > 0 && 1 + plain < nread)
comp_size = 1 + plain;
}
} else if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZH) {
comp_size = zupt_lzh_compress(rbuf, nread, cbuf, zupt_lzh_bound(nread), level);
} else if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZ) {
comp_size = zupt_lz_compress(rbuf, nread, cbuf, zupt_lz_bound(nread), level);
}
/* Decide payload */
const uint8_t *payload;
size_t payload_size;
if (comp_size == 0 || comp_size >= nread) {
slot->actual_codec = ZUPT_CODEC_STORE;
payload = rbuf;
payload_size = nread;
} else {
slot->actual_codec = codec;
payload = cbuf;
payload_size = comp_size;
}
/* Encrypt if needed */
slot->out_bflags = 0;
if (kr && kr->active) {
size_t enc_len;
uint8_t *enc = zupt_encrypt_buffer(kr, payload, payload_size, slot->block_seq, &enc_len);
if (!enc) { free(cbuf); slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM; return; }
/* Output is the encrypted payload (caller frees slot->output) */
slot->output = enc;
slot->output_len = enc_len;
slot->out_bflags |= ZUPT_BFLAG_ENCRYPTED;
free(cbuf);
} else {
/* Copy payload to output (cbuf may be stack of caller) */
slot->output = (uint8_t *)malloc(payload_size);
if (!slot->output) { free(cbuf); slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM; return; }
memcpy(slot->output, payload, payload_size);
slot->output_len = payload_size;
free(cbuf);
}
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* WORKER: DECOMPRESS ONE BLOCK
*
* Security: HMAC verified BEFORE any decryption (Encrypt-then-MAC).
* */
static void worker_decompress(zpar_slot_t *slot, const zupt_keyring_t *kr) {
const uint8_t *comp_data = slot->input;
size_t comp_len = slot->input_len;
uint8_t *dec_payload = NULL;
/* Validate */
if (!comp_data && comp_len > 0) { slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; return; }
if (slot->uncomp_size > ZUPT_MAX_BLOCK_SZ) { slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_OVERFLOW; return; }
/* Decrypt if encrypted — HMAC verified inside zupt_decrypt_buffer (before decryption) */
if (slot->block_flags & ZUPT_BFLAG_ENCRYPTED) {
if (!kr || !kr->active) { slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_AUTH_FAIL; return; }
size_t dec_len;
dec_payload = zupt_decrypt_buffer(kr, comp_data, comp_len, slot->block_seq, &dec_len);
if (!dec_payload) { slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_AUTH_FAIL; return; }
comp_data = dec_payload;
comp_len = dec_len;
}
size_t olen = (size_t)slot->uncomp_size;
if (olen == 0) {
slot->output = NULL;
slot->output_len = 0;
free(dec_payload);
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
return;
}
uint8_t *out = (uint8_t *)malloc(olen);
if (!out) { free(dec_payload); slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM; return; }
zupt_error_t result = ZUPT_OK;
uint16_t codec = slot->codec_id;
if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_STORE) {
if (comp_len < olen) result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT;
else memcpy(out, comp_data, olen);
} else if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZ) {
size_t r = zupt_lz_decompress(comp_data, comp_len, out, olen);
if (r != olen) result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT;
} else if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZH) {
size_t r = zupt_lzh_decompress(comp_data, comp_len, out, olen);
if (r != olen) result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT;
} else if (codec == ZUPT_CODEC_ZUPT_LZHP) {
if (comp_len < 1) { result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; goto done; }
uint8_t pflag = comp_data[0];
int pred_active = (pflag & 0x01);
size_t hdr_size = pred_active ? 257 : 1;
uint8_t pred[256];
if (pred_active) {
if (comp_len < 257) { result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; goto done; }
memcpy(pred, comp_data + 1, 256);
}
if (comp_len <= hdr_size) { result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; goto done; }
const uint8_t *lzh_data = comp_data + hdr_size;
size_t lzh_len = comp_len - hdr_size;
if (pred_active) {
uint8_t *temp = (uint8_t *)malloc(olen);
if (!temp) { result = ZUPT_ERR_NOMEM; goto done; }
size_t r = zupt_lzh_decompress(lzh_data, lzh_len, temp, olen);
if (r != olen) { free(temp); result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; goto done; }
zupt_predict_decode(temp, out, olen, pred);
free(temp);
} else {
size_t r = zupt_lzh_decompress(lzh_data, lzh_len, out, olen);
if (r != olen) result = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT;
}
} else {
result = ZUPT_ERR_UNSUPPORTED;
}
done:
free(dec_payload);
if (result != ZUPT_OK) { free(out); slot->output = NULL; slot->output_len = 0; slot->error = result; return; }
/* Verify checksum */
uint64_t ck = zupt_xxh64(out, olen, 0);
if (ck != slot->stored_checksum) { free(out); slot->output = NULL; slot->output_len = 0; slot->error = ZUPT_ERR_BAD_CHECKSUM; return; }
slot->output = out;
slot->output_len = olen;
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* WORKER THREAD ENTRY POINT
*
* Each worker thread has an assigned slot index (worker_id).
* It waits for its slot to become READY, processes it, marks DONE.
* */
typedef struct {
zpar_ctx_t *ctx;
int worker_id;
} worker_arg_t;
static void *worker_entry(void *arg) {
worker_arg_t *wa = (worker_arg_t *)arg;
zpar_ctx_t *ctx = wa->ctx;
int my_slot = wa->worker_id;
free(wa); /* Allocated by zpar_create */
while (1) {
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
/* Wait until our slot is READY or shutdown */
while (ctx->slots[my_slot].status != ZPAR_READY && !ctx->shutdown) {
zcond_wait(&ctx->work_ready, &ctx->mutex);
}
if (ctx->shutdown && ctx->slots[my_slot].status != ZPAR_READY) {
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
break;
}
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
/* Check if another worker already errored — skip processing */
if (zatomic_load(&ctx->error_flag)) {
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
ctx->slots[my_slot].error = ZUPT_ERR_CORRUPT; /* Cancelled */
ctx->slots[my_slot].status = ZPAR_DONE;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_done);
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
continue;
}
/* Process the block (no lock held — this is the parallel work) */
zpar_slot_t *slot = &ctx->slots[my_slot];
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
slot->output = NULL;
slot->output_len = 0;
if (ctx->mode == 0) {
worker_compress(slot, &ctx->keyring);
} else {
worker_decompress(slot, &ctx->keyring);
}
/* If we errored, set the global flag */
if (slot->error != ZUPT_OK) {
zatomic_store(&ctx->error_flag, (int)slot->error);
}
/* Mark done */
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
slot->status = ZPAR_DONE;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_done);
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
}
return NULL;
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* LIFECYCLE
* */
zpar_ctx_t *zpar_create(int nthreads, uint32_t block_size, int mode,
const zupt_keyring_t *keyring) {
if (nthreads < 1) nthreads = 1;
zpar_ctx_t *ctx = (zpar_ctx_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(zpar_ctx_t));
if (!ctx) return NULL;
ctx->nthreads = nthreads;
ctx->nslots = nthreads;
ctx->block_size = block_size;
ctx->mode = mode;
ctx->shutdown = 0;
zatomic_store(&ctx->error_flag, 0);
if (keyring) memcpy(&ctx->keyring, keyring, sizeof(zupt_keyring_t));
else memset(&ctx->keyring, 0, sizeof(zupt_keyring_t));
/* Allocate slots */
ctx->slots = (zpar_slot_t *)calloc((size_t)nthreads, sizeof(zpar_slot_t));
if (!ctx->slots) { free(ctx); return NULL; }
/* Pre-allocate input buffers for each slot */
size_t ibuf_size = (mode == 0) ? block_size : (block_size + 4096);
for (int i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
ctx->slots[i].input = (uint8_t *)malloc(ibuf_size);
if (!ctx->slots[i].input) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) free(ctx->slots[j].input);
free(ctx->slots); free(ctx);
return NULL;
}
ctx->slots[i].status = ZPAR_EMPTY;
}
zmutex_init(&ctx->mutex);
zcond_init(&ctx->work_ready);
zcond_init(&ctx->work_done);
/* Launch worker threads */
ctx->threads = (zthread_t *)calloc((size_t)nthreads, sizeof(zthread_t));
if (!ctx->threads) { zpar_destroy(ctx); return NULL; }
ctx->threads_running = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
worker_arg_t *wa = (worker_arg_t *)malloc(sizeof(worker_arg_t));
if (!wa) break;
wa->ctx = ctx;
wa->worker_id = i;
if (zthread_create(&ctx->threads[i], worker_entry, wa) != 0) {
free(wa);
break;
}
ctx->threads_running++;
}
/* If no threads started, fall back gracefully (caller can check) */
if (ctx->threads_running == 0 && nthreads > 0) {
fprintf(stderr, " Warning: thread creation failed, using single thread\n");
}
return ctx;
}
void zpar_destroy(zpar_ctx_t *ctx) {
if (!ctx) return;
/* Signal shutdown */
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
ctx->shutdown = 1;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_ready);
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
/* Join all running threads */
for (int i = 0; i < ctx->threads_running; i++) {
zthread_join(ctx->threads[i]);
}
free(ctx->threads);
/* Free slot buffers */
if (ctx->slots) {
for (int i = 0; i < ctx->nslots; i++) {
free(ctx->slots[i].input);
free(ctx->slots[i].output);
}
free(ctx->slots);
}
/* Wipe keyring copy */
zupt_secure_wipe(&ctx->keyring, sizeof(ctx->keyring));
zcond_destroy(&ctx->work_done);
zcond_destroy(&ctx->work_ready);
zmutex_destroy(&ctx->mutex);
free(ctx);
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* SUBMIT / WAIT / RELEASE
* */
int zpar_submit_compress(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len,
uint64_t block_seq, int level, uint16_t codec_id) {
/* Find an empty slot (round-robin, starting from block_seq mod nslots) */
int idx = (int)(block_seq % (uint64_t)ctx->nslots);
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
/* Wait for slot to be empty (backpressure) */
while (ctx->slots[idx].status != ZPAR_EMPTY && !ctx->shutdown) {
zcond_wait(&ctx->work_done, &ctx->mutex);
}
if (ctx->shutdown) { zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex); return -1; }
zpar_slot_t *slot = &ctx->slots[idx];
/* Copy input data into the pre-allocated buffer */
if (len > ctx->block_size) { zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex); return -1; }
memcpy(slot->input, data, len);
slot->input_len = len;
slot->block_seq = block_seq;
slot->level = level;
slot->codec_id = codec_id;
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
free(slot->output); slot->output = NULL;
slot->output_len = 0;
slot->status = ZPAR_READY;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_ready);
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return idx;
}
int zpar_submit_decompress(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, const uint8_t *payload, size_t plen,
uint64_t block_seq, uint16_t codec_id, uint16_t bflags,
uint64_t checksum, uint64_t uncomp_size) {
int idx = (int)(block_seq % (uint64_t)ctx->nslots);
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
while (ctx->slots[idx].status != ZPAR_EMPTY && !ctx->shutdown) {
zcond_wait(&ctx->work_done, &ctx->mutex);
}
if (ctx->shutdown) { zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex); return -1; }
zpar_slot_t *slot = &ctx->slots[idx];
/* For decompress, we may need more than block_size (encrypted overhead) */
if (plen > ctx->block_size + 4096) {
/* Reallocate if needed — rare, only for large encrypted blocks */
uint8_t *newbuf = (uint8_t *)realloc(slot->input, plen);
if (!newbuf) { zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex); return -1; }
slot->input = newbuf;
}
memcpy(slot->input, payload, plen);
slot->input_len = plen;
slot->block_seq = block_seq;
slot->codec_id = codec_id;
slot->block_flags = bflags;
slot->stored_checksum = checksum;
slot->uncomp_size = uncomp_size;
slot->error = ZUPT_OK;
free(slot->output); slot->output = NULL;
slot->output_len = 0;
slot->status = ZPAR_READY;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_ready);
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return idx;
}
zpar_slot_t *zpar_wait_slot(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, int slot_idx) {
if (slot_idx < 0 || slot_idx >= ctx->nslots) return NULL;
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
while (ctx->slots[slot_idx].status != ZPAR_DONE && !ctx->shutdown) {
zcond_wait(&ctx->work_done, &ctx->mutex);
}
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
return &ctx->slots[slot_idx];
}
void zpar_release_slot(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, int slot_idx) {
if (slot_idx < 0 || slot_idx >= ctx->nslots) return;
zmutex_lock(&ctx->mutex);
free(ctx->slots[slot_idx].output);
ctx->slots[slot_idx].output = NULL;
ctx->slots[slot_idx].output_len = 0;
ctx->slots[slot_idx].status = ZPAR_EMPTY;
zcond_broadcast(&ctx->work_done); /* Wake submitter if it was blocked */
zmutex_unlock(&ctx->mutex);
}
zupt_error_t zpar_check_error(zpar_ctx_t *ctx) {
int e = zatomic_load(&ctx->error_flag);
return (zupt_error_t)e;
}

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/*
* ZUPT v0.6.0 Parallel Compress / Decompress Pipeline
*
* Batch-parallel design: the main thread reads N blocks (N = thread_count),
* workers process them in parallel (compress+encrypt or HMAC+decrypt+decompress),
* and the main thread writes results in sequential order.
*
* This avoids complex lock-free queues while achieving near-linear speedup
* on the CPU-bound compression/decompression steps. I/O remains single-threaded
* (sequential reads/writes are optimal for both SSDs and spinning disks).
*
* Design tradeoffs documented inline.
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_PARALLEL_H
#define ZUPT_PARALLEL_H
#include "zupt.h"
#include "zupt_thread.h"
/* ─── Slot states ─── */
#define ZPAR_EMPTY 0 /* Available for main thread to fill */
#define ZPAR_READY 1 /* Filled by main thread, waiting for worker */
#define ZPAR_DONE 2 /* Processed by worker, waiting for main thread to consume */
/* ─── One work slot per block ─── */
typedef struct {
/* Input (filled by main thread before setting status=READY) */
uint8_t *input; /* Uncompressed block data (compress) or raw payload (decompress) */
size_t input_len;
uint64_t block_seq; /* Nonce derivation: base_nonce XOR block_seq */
int level;
uint16_t codec_id; /* Requested codec (compress) or actual codec (decompress) */
uint16_t block_flags; /* For decompress: ZUPT_BFLAG_ENCRYPTED etc. */
uint64_t stored_checksum;/* For decompress: expected XXH64 */
uint64_t uncomp_size; /* For decompress: expected output size */
/* Output (filled by worker before setting status=DONE) */
uint8_t *output; /* Compressed+encrypted payload (compress) or decompressed data (decompress) */
size_t output_len;
uint16_t actual_codec; /* Actual codec used (may fall back to STORE) */
uint16_t out_bflags; /* Output block flags */
uint64_t checksum; /* XXH64 of uncompressed data */
zupt_error_t error; /* ZUPT_OK or error code */
/* Synchronization */
int status; /* ZPAR_EMPTY / ZPAR_READY / ZPAR_DONE */
} zpar_slot_t;
/* ─── Parallel context ─── */
typedef struct {
/* Configuration */
int nthreads;
uint32_t block_size;
zupt_keyring_t keyring; /* Copied once; workers read-only (per-block nonce derived from block_seq) */
/* Worker threads */
zthread_t *threads;
int threads_running;
/* Work slots: one per thread. Workers scan for their assigned slot. */
zpar_slot_t *slots;
int nslots;
/* Synchronization */
zmutex_t mutex;
zcond_t work_ready; /* Main → workers: new batch available */
zcond_t work_done; /* Workers → main: slot completed */
int shutdown; /* Set to 1 to terminate workers */
zatomic_int error_flag; /* Non-zero if any worker hit an error */
/* Mode: 0 = compress, 1 = decompress */
int mode;
} zpar_ctx_t;
/* ─── API ─── */
/* Create parallel context. mode: 0=compress, 1=decompress.
* keyring may be NULL if encryption is not active.
* Returns NULL on allocation failure. */
zpar_ctx_t *zpar_create(int nthreads, uint32_t block_size, int mode,
const zupt_keyring_t *keyring);
/* Destroy context: signal shutdown, join threads, free all memory.
* Wipes keyring copy. */
void zpar_destroy(zpar_ctx_t *ctx);
/* Submit a block for compression. Finds an empty slot, copies input data,
* sets status=READY. Blocks if no slot available (backpressure).
* Returns the slot index, or -1 on error. */
int zpar_submit_compress(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, const uint8_t *data, size_t len,
uint64_t block_seq, int level, uint16_t codec_id);
/* Submit a block for decompression. */
int zpar_submit_decompress(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, const uint8_t *payload, size_t plen,
uint64_t block_seq, uint16_t codec_id, uint16_t bflags,
uint64_t checksum, uint64_t uncomp_size);
/* Wait for slot to reach DONE state. Returns the slot pointer.
* Caller must consume the output and call zpar_release_slot() when finished. */
zpar_slot_t *zpar_wait_slot(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, int slot_idx);
/* Release a consumed slot back to EMPTY state. */
void zpar_release_slot(zpar_ctx_t *ctx, int slot_idx);
/* Check if any worker reported an error. Returns first error code. */
zupt_error_t zpar_check_error(zpar_ctx_t *ctx);
#endif /* ZUPT_PARALLEL_H */

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/*
* ZUPT 0.4 - Byte Prediction Preprocessor
*
* This is the highest-ROI compression improvement: a reversible transform
* that captures order-1 (256-context) byte-pair correlations.
*
* Algorithm:
* 1. Build prediction table: for each byte c, find the most common
* byte that follows c in the input data.
* 2. Transform: output[i] = input[i] XOR prediction[input[i-1]]
* 3. The most common byte after each context becomes 0x00, which
* compresses extremely well with Huffman/LZ coding.
*
* On decompression: reverse the XOR using the stored prediction table.
*
* The prediction table (256 bytes) is stored in the compressed block.
* Total overhead: 256 bytes per block. For 128KB+ blocks, this is <0.2%.
*
* Impact on LZ matching: only the first byte of each match boundary is
* affected. For matches of length 4+, 75-99% of match bytes are preserved.
* The entropy improvement on literal bytes more than compensates.
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
/* Build a 256-byte prediction table from input data.
* prediction[c] = the byte value most likely to follow byte c. */
void zupt_predict_build(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t prediction[256]) {
/* Count successor frequencies: count[prev][next] */
/* Use 16-bit counters to save memory (256*256*2 = 128KB) */
uint16_t *counts = (uint16_t *)calloc(256 * 256, sizeof(uint16_t));
if (!counts) {
memset(prediction, 0, 256);
return;
}
uint8_t prev = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
uint16_t *row = counts + (size_t)prev * 256;
if (row[data[i]] < 65535) row[data[i]]++;
prev = data[i];
}
/* For each context byte, find the most common successor */
for (int c = 0; c < 256; c++) {
const uint16_t *row = counts + (size_t)c * 256;
uint16_t best_count = 0;
uint8_t best_byte = 0;
for (int b = 0; b < 256; b++) {
if (row[b] > best_count) {
best_count = row[b];
best_byte = (uint8_t)b;
}
}
prediction[c] = best_byte;
}
free(counts);
}
/* Apply the prediction transform (forward).
* Each byte is XORed with the prediction for the previous byte.
* The most common successor becomes 0x00, improving entropy. */
void zupt_predict_encode(const uint8_t *input, uint8_t *output, size_t len,
const uint8_t prediction[256]) {
uint8_t prev = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
output[i] = input[i] ^ prediction[prev];
prev = input[i]; /* Use ORIGINAL byte as next context */
}
}
/* Reverse the prediction transform (inverse).
* Recovers the original byte, then uses it as the next context. */
void zupt_predict_decode(const uint8_t *input, uint8_t *output, size_t len,
const uint8_t prediction[256]) {
uint8_t prev = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
output[i] = input[i] ^ prediction[prev];
prev = output[i]; /* Use RECOVERED byte as next context */
}
}
/* Test whether the prediction transform would help.
* Returns estimated entropy reduction (0.0 = no help, 1.0 = huge help).
* Quick test on first 4KB of data. */
float zupt_predict_benefit(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
if (len < 256) return 0.0f;
size_t test_len = len < 4096 ? len : 4096;
/* Compute byte entropy of original */
uint32_t freq[256] = {0};
for (size_t i = 0; i < test_len; i++) freq[data[i]]++;
float h_orig = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
if (freq[i] == 0) continue;
float p = (float)freq[i] / (float)test_len;
h_orig -= p * log2f(p);
}
/* Build prediction table and transform */
uint8_t pred[256];
zupt_predict_build(data, test_len, pred);
uint8_t *transformed = (uint8_t *)malloc(test_len);
if (!transformed) return 0.0f;
zupt_predict_encode(data, transformed, test_len, pred);
/* Compute byte entropy of transformed */
memset(freq, 0, sizeof(freq));
for (size_t i = 0; i < test_len; i++) freq[transformed[i]]++;
float h_trans = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
if (freq[i] == 0) continue;
float p = (float)freq[i] / (float)test_len;
h_trans -= p * log2f(p);
}
free(transformed);
if (h_orig < 0.1f) return 0.0f; /* Already near-zero entropy */
return (h_orig - h_trans) / h_orig; /* Fraction of entropy removed */
}

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/*
* ZUPT - SHA-256 (FIPS 180-4)
* Pure C implementation, no dependencies.
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <string.h>
static const uint32_t K[64] = {
0x428a2f98,0x71374491,0xb5c0fbcf,0xe9b5dba5,0x3956c25b,0x59f111f1,0x923f82a4,0xab1c5ed5,
0xd807aa98,0x12835b01,0x243185be,0x550c7dc3,0x72be5d74,0x80deb1fe,0x9bdc06a7,0xc19bf174,
0xe49b69c1,0xefbe4786,0x0fc19dc6,0x240ca1cc,0x2de92c6f,0x4a7484aa,0x5cb0a9dc,0x76f988da,
0x983e5152,0xa831c66d,0xb00327c8,0xbf597fc7,0xc6e00bf3,0xd5a79147,0x06ca6351,0x14292967,
0x27b70a85,0x2e1b2138,0x4d2c6dfc,0x53380d13,0x650a7354,0x766a0abb,0x81c2c92e,0x92722c85,
0xa2bfe8a1,0xa81a664b,0xc24b8b70,0xc76c51a3,0xd192e819,0xd6990624,0xf40e3585,0x106aa070,
0x19a4c116,0x1e376c08,0x2748774c,0x34b0bcb5,0x391c0cb3,0x4ed8aa4a,0x5b9cca4f,0x682e6ff3,
0x748f82ee,0x78a5636f,0x84c87814,0x8cc70208,0x90befffa,0xa4506ceb,0xbef9a3f7,0xc67178f2,
};
#define RR(x,n) (((x)>>(n))|((x)<<(32-(n))))
#define CH(x,y,z) (((x)&(y))^((~(x))&(z)))
#define MAJ(x,y,z) (((x)&(y))^((x)&(z))^((y)&(z)))
#define EP0(x) (RR(x,2)^RR(x,13)^RR(x,22))
#define EP1(x) (RR(x,6)^RR(x,11)^RR(x,25))
#define SG0(x) (RR(x,7)^RR(x,18)^((x)>>3))
#define SG1(x) (RR(x,17)^RR(x,19)^((x)>>10))
static uint32_t be32(const uint8_t *p) {
return ((uint32_t)p[0]<<24)|((uint32_t)p[1]<<16)|((uint32_t)p[2]<<8)|p[3];
}
static void be32_put(uint8_t *p, uint32_t v) {
p[0]=(uint8_t)(v>>24); p[1]=(uint8_t)(v>>16); p[2]=(uint8_t)(v>>8); p[3]=(uint8_t)v;
}
static void sha256_transform(zupt_sha256_ctx *c, const uint8_t blk[64]) {
uint32_t w[64], a,b,d,e,f,g,h,t1,t2;
int i;
for (i=0;i<16;i++) w[i]=be32(blk+i*4);
for (i=16;i<64;i++) w[i]=SG1(w[i-2])+w[i-7]+SG0(w[i-15])+w[i-16];
a=c->state[0]; b=c->state[1]; uint32_t cc=c->state[2]; d=c->state[3];
e=c->state[4]; f=c->state[5]; g=c->state[6]; h=c->state[7];
for (i=0;i<64;i++) {
t1=h+EP1(e)+CH(e,f,g)+K[i]+w[i];
t2=EP0(a)+MAJ(a,b,cc);
h=g; g=f; f=e; e=d+t1; d=cc; cc=b; b=a; a=t1+t2;
}
c->state[0]+=a; c->state[1]+=b; c->state[2]+=cc; c->state[3]+=d;
c->state[4]+=e; c->state[5]+=f; c->state[6]+=g; c->state[7]+=h;
}
void zupt_sha256_init(zupt_sha256_ctx *c) {
c->state[0]=0x6a09e667; c->state[1]=0xbb67ae85;
c->state[2]=0x3c6ef372; c->state[3]=0xa54ff53a;
c->state[4]=0x510e527f; c->state[5]=0x9b05688c;
c->state[6]=0x1f83d9ab; c->state[7]=0x5be0cd19;
c->count=0;
}
void zupt_sha256_update(zupt_sha256_ctx *c, const uint8_t *d, size_t n) {
while (n > 0) {
size_t off = (size_t)(c->count % 64);
size_t chunk = 64 - off;
if (chunk > n) chunk = n;
memcpy(c->buf + off, d, chunk);
c->count += chunk;
d += chunk; n -= chunk;
if (c->count % 64 == 0)
sha256_transform(c, c->buf);
}
}
void zupt_sha256_final(zupt_sha256_ctx *c, uint8_t h[32]) {
uint64_t bits = c->count * 8;
uint8_t pad = 0x80;
zupt_sha256_update(c, &pad, 1);
pad = 0;
while (c->count % 64 != 56)
zupt_sha256_update(c, &pad, 1);
uint8_t len[8];
for (int i=7;i>=0;i--) { len[i]=(uint8_t)(bits&0xFF); bits>>=8; }
zupt_sha256_update(c, len, 8);
for (int i=0;i<8;i++) be32_put(h+i*4, c->state[i]);
}
void zupt_sha256(const uint8_t *d, size_t n, uint8_t h[32]) {
zupt_sha256_ctx c;
zupt_sha256_init(&c);
zupt_sha256_update(&c, d, n);
zupt_sha256_final(&c, h);
}

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/*
* ZUPT v0.6.0 Platform Threading Abstraction
*
* Header-only. Wraps pthreads (Linux/macOS) and Win32 threads.
* No semaphores (not portable to macOS). No barriers (not on Windows).
* Uses C11 stdatomic.h when available, InterlockedExchange on MSVC.
*
* All threading primitives are used ONLY through these wrappers.
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_THREAD_H
#define ZUPT_THREAD_H
#include <stdint.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* ATOMIC INTEGER
* */
#if defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L && !defined(__STDC_NO_ATOMICS__) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <stdatomic.h>
typedef atomic_int zatomic_int;
static inline int zatomic_load(const zatomic_int *p) { return atomic_load(p); }
static inline void zatomic_store(zatomic_int *p, int v) { atomic_store(p, v); }
static inline int zatomic_add(zatomic_int *p, int v) { return atomic_fetch_add(p, v); }
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
typedef volatile long zatomic_int;
static inline int zatomic_load(const zatomic_int *p) { return (int)*p; }
static inline void zatomic_store(zatomic_int *p, int v) { InterlockedExchange(p, (long)v); }
static inline int zatomic_add(zatomic_int *p, int v) { return (int)InterlockedExchangeAdd(p, (long)v); }
#else
/* Fallback: volatile int. Correct on x86 with single-writer patterns.
* For multi-writer patterns (zatomic_add), we only use this for the
* error flag which is set-once, so torn reads are harmless. */
typedef volatile int zatomic_int;
static inline int zatomic_load(const zatomic_int *p) { return *p; }
static inline void zatomic_store(zatomic_int *p, int v) { *p = v; }
static inline int zatomic_add(zatomic_int *p, int v) { int old = *p; *p += v; return old; }
#endif
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* THREAD / MUTEX / CONDVAR
* */
#ifdef _WIN32
/* ─── Win32 ─── */
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
typedef HANDLE zthread_t;
typedef CRITICAL_SECTION zmutex_t;
typedef CONDITION_VARIABLE zcond_t;
typedef struct { void *(*func)(void*); void *arg; } zthread_trampoline_t;
static unsigned __stdcall zthread_win_entry(void *p) {
zthread_trampoline_t *t = (zthread_trampoline_t *)p;
t->func(t->arg);
free(t);
return 0;
}
static inline int zthread_create(zthread_t *t, void *(*func)(void*), void *arg) {
zthread_trampoline_t *tramp = (zthread_trampoline_t *)malloc(sizeof(*tramp));
if (!tramp) return -1;
tramp->func = func; tramp->arg = arg;
*t = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, zthread_win_entry, tramp, 0, NULL);
return *t ? 0 : -1;
}
static inline int zthread_join(zthread_t t) {
WaitForSingleObject(t, INFINITE);
CloseHandle(t);
return 0;
}
static inline void zmutex_init(zmutex_t *m) { InitializeCriticalSection(m); }
static inline void zmutex_destroy(zmutex_t *m) { DeleteCriticalSection(m); }
static inline void zmutex_lock(zmutex_t *m) { EnterCriticalSection(m); }
static inline void zmutex_unlock(zmutex_t *m) { LeaveCriticalSection(m); }
static inline void zcond_init(zcond_t *c) { InitializeConditionVariable(c); }
static inline void zcond_destroy(zcond_t *c) { (void)c; /* no-op on Win32 */ }
static inline void zcond_wait(zcond_t *c, zmutex_t *m) {
SleepConditionVariableCS(c, m, INFINITE);
}
static inline void zcond_signal(zcond_t *c) { WakeConditionVariable(c); }
static inline void zcond_broadcast(zcond_t *c) { WakeAllConditionVariable(c); }
static inline int zupt_cpu_count(void) {
SYSTEM_INFO si; GetSystemInfo(&si);
return (int)si.dwNumberOfProcessors;
}
#else
/* ─── POSIX (Linux, macOS, *BSD) ─── */
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef pthread_t zthread_t;
typedef pthread_mutex_t zmutex_t;
typedef pthread_cond_t zcond_t;
static inline int zthread_create(zthread_t *t, void *(*func)(void*), void *arg) {
return pthread_create(t, NULL, func, arg);
}
static inline int zthread_join(zthread_t t) {
return pthread_join(t, NULL);
}
static inline void zmutex_init(zmutex_t *m) { pthread_mutex_init(m, NULL); }
static inline void zmutex_destroy(zmutex_t *m) { pthread_mutex_destroy(m); }
static inline void zmutex_lock(zmutex_t *m) { pthread_mutex_lock(m); }
static inline void zmutex_unlock(zmutex_t *m) { pthread_mutex_unlock(m); }
static inline void zcond_init(zcond_t *c) { pthread_cond_init(c, NULL); }
static inline void zcond_destroy(zcond_t *c) { pthread_cond_destroy(c); }
static inline void zcond_wait(zcond_t *c, zmutex_t *m) { pthread_cond_wait(c, m); }
static inline void zcond_signal(zcond_t *c) { pthread_cond_signal(c); }
static inline void zcond_broadcast(zcond_t *c) { pthread_cond_broadcast(c); }
static inline int zupt_cpu_count(void) {
long n = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
return n > 0 ? (int)n : 1;
}
#endif
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* THREAD COUNT auto-detect with cap
* */
#define ZUPT_MAX_THREADS 64
static inline int zupt_resolve_threads(int requested) {
int n;
if (requested <= 0) n = zupt_cpu_count();
else n = requested;
if (n < 1) n = 1;
if (n > ZUPT_MAX_THREADS) n = ZUPT_MAX_THREADS;
return n;
}
#endif /* ZUPT_THREAD_H */

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* X25519 Diffie-Hellman (RFC 7748) over Curve25519.
* Field: GF(2^255-19), represented as 5 × 51-bit limbs.
* Montgomery ladder: constant-time by construction (no secret-dependent branches).
*
* CT-REQUIRED: Every operation in this file must be constant-time.
* No branches on secret data. No secret-dependent memory access.
*/
#include "zupt_x25519.h"
#include <string.h>
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* FIELD ARITHMETIC: GF(2^255 - 19), 5 × 51-bit limbs
* */
typedef uint64_t fe[5]; /* Field element: 5 limbs, each < 2^52 */
/* Load 32 bytes little-endian into field element */
static void fe_frombytes(fe h, const uint8_t s[32]) {
uint64_t lo = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) lo |= (uint64_t)s[i] << (8*i);
h[0] = lo & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
lo = 0;
for (int i = 6; i < 14; i++) lo |= (uint64_t)s[i] << (8*(i-6));
h[1] = (lo >> 3) & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
lo = 0;
for (int i = 12; i < 20; i++) lo |= (uint64_t)s[i] << (8*(i-12));
h[2] = (lo >> 6) & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
lo = 0;
for (int i = 19; i < 27; i++) lo |= (uint64_t)s[i] << (8*(i-19));
h[3] = (lo >> 1) & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
lo = 0;
for (int i = 25; i < 32; i++) lo |= (uint64_t)s[i] << (8*(i-25));
h[4] = (lo >> 4) & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
}
/* Reduce and store field element to 32 bytes little-endian */
static void fe_tobytes(uint8_t s[32], const fe h) {
uint64_t t[5];
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) t[i] = h[i];
/* Reduce: carry chain */
uint64_t c;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
c = t[i] >> 51;
t[i] &= (UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1;
if (i < 4) t[i+1] += c;
else t[0] += c * 19;
}
c = t[0] >> 51; t[0] &= (UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1; t[1] += c;
/* Reduce mod 2^255-19: if t >= p, subtract p */
uint64_t mask = -(uint64_t)(t[0] >= (UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 19);
/* Check if t >= 2^255 - 19 */
uint64_t ge = 1;
for (int i = 4; i >= 1; i--) {
ge &= (t[i] == ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1)) ? 1 : (t[i] > ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1)) ? 1 : 0;
}
ge &= (t[0] >= ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 19)) ? 1 : 0;
mask = -(uint64_t)ge;
t[0] -= mask & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 19);
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
t[i] -= mask & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
/* Pack into 255 bits */
uint64_t combined = t[0] | (t[1] << 51);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) s[i] = (uint8_t)(combined >> (8*i));
combined = (t[1] >> 13) | (t[2] << 38);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) s[8+i] = (uint8_t)(combined >> (8*i));
combined = (t[2] >> 26) | (t[3] << 25);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) s[16+i] = (uint8_t)(combined >> (8*i));
combined = (t[3] >> 39) | (t[4] << 12);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) s[24+i] = (uint8_t)(combined >> (8*i));
}
/* CT-REQUIRED: conditional swap — no branches on secret bit */
static void fe_cswap(fe a, fe b, uint64_t flag) {
uint64_t mask = -(uint64_t)(flag & 1);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
uint64_t t = mask & (a[i] ^ b[i]);
a[i] ^= t;
b[i] ^= t;
}
}
static void fe_copy(fe h, const fe f) { for (int i=0;i<5;i++) h[i]=f[i]; }
static void fe_set0(fe h) { for (int i=0;i<5;i++) h[i]=0; }
static void fe_set1(fe h) { h[0]=1; for(int i=1;i<5;i++) h[i]=0; }
static void fe_add(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) h[i] = f[i] + g[i];
}
static void fe_sub(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
/* Add 2*p to avoid underflow, then subtract */
static const uint64_t two_p[5] = {
2*((UINT64_C(1)<<51)-19), 2*((UINT64_C(1)<<51)-1),
2*((UINT64_C(1)<<51)-1), 2*((UINT64_C(1)<<51)-1),
2*((UINT64_C(1)<<51)-1)
};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) h[i] = f[i] + two_p[i] - g[i];
}
/* 128-bit type for multiplication — use unsigned __int128 where available */
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
typedef unsigned __int128 uint128_t;
#define MUL64(a,b) ((uint128_t)(a) * (uint128_t)(b))
#else
/* Fallback: split multiplication */
typedef struct { uint64_t lo, hi; } uint128_t;
static inline uint128_t MUL64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) {
uint128_t r;
uint64_t a0=a&0xFFFFFFFF, a1=a>>32, b0=b&0xFFFFFFFF, b1=b>>32;
uint64_t m0=a0*b0, m1=a0*b1, m2=a1*b0, m3=a1*b1;
uint64_t mid = m1 + (m0>>32); mid += m2;
if (mid < m2) m3 += UINT64_C(1)<<32;
r.lo = (mid << 32) | (m0 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
r.hi = m3 + (mid >> 32);
return r;
}
#endif
static void fe_mul(fe h, const fe f, const fe g) {
/* Schoolbook multiplication with reduction by 19 */
uint128_t t[5] = {0,0,0,0,0};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
uint64_t gi = (i+j >= 5) ? g[j] * 19 : g[j];
int idx = (i+j) % 5;
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
t[idx] += MUL64(f[i], gi);
#else
uint128_t p = MUL64(f[i], gi);
t[idx].lo += p.lo;
if (t[idx].lo < p.lo) t[idx].hi++;
t[idx].hi += p.hi;
#endif
}
/* Carry chain */
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
uint64_t lo = (uint64_t)t[i];
h[i] = lo & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
uint64_t carry = (uint64_t)(t[i] >> 51);
#else
h[i] = t[i].lo & ((UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1);
uint64_t carry = (t[i].lo >> 51) | (t[i].hi << 13);
#endif
if (i < 4) {
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
t[i+1] += carry;
#else
t[i+1].lo += carry;
if (t[i+1].lo < carry) t[i+1].hi++;
#endif
} else {
h[0] += carry * 19;
}
}
uint64_t c = h[0] >> 51; h[0] &= (UINT64_C(1) << 51) - 1; h[1] += c;
}
static void fe_sq(fe h, const fe f) { fe_mul(h, f, f); }
/* Compute f^(2^n) by repeated squaring */
static void fe_sq_n(fe h, const fe f, int n) {
fe_sq(h, f);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) fe_sq(h, h);
}
/* Inversion: f^(p-2) via addition chain for 2^255-21 */
static void fe_inv(fe h, const fe f) {
fe t0, t1, t2, t3;
fe_sq(t0, f); /* t0 = f^2 */
fe_sq_n(t1, t0, 2); /* t1 = f^8 */
fe_mul(t1, f, t1); /* t1 = f^9 */
fe_mul(t0, t0, t1); /* t0 = f^11 */
fe_sq(t2, t0); /* t2 = f^22 */
fe_mul(t1, t1, t2); /* t1 = f^(2^5 - 1) = f^31 */
fe_sq_n(t2, t1, 5); /* t2 = f^(2^10 - 32) */
fe_mul(t1, t2, t1); /* t1 = f^(2^10 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t2, t1, 10); fe_mul(t2, t2, t1); /* f^(2^20 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t3, t2, 20); fe_mul(t2, t3, t2); /* f^(2^40 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t2, t2, 10); fe_mul(t1, t2, t1); /* f^(2^50 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t2, t1, 50); fe_mul(t2, t2, t1); /* f^(2^100 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t3, t2, 100); fe_mul(t2, t3, t2); /* f^(2^200 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t2, t2, 50); fe_mul(t1, t2, t1); /* f^(2^250 - 1) */
fe_sq_n(t1, t1, 5); fe_mul(h, t1, t0); /* f^(2^255 - 21) */
}
/* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
* X25519 MONTGOMERY LADDER
* CT-REQUIRED: No secret-dependent branches. The ladder is constant-time
* by construction: every iteration performs the same operations, with
* cswap selecting which point to operate on.
* */
void zupt_x25519(uint8_t out[32], const uint8_t scalar[32], const uint8_t point[32]) {
uint8_t e[32];
memcpy(e, scalar, 32);
/* RFC 7748 clamping */
e[0] &= 248;
e[31] &= 127;
e[31] |= 64;
fe x1, x2, z2, x3, z3, tmp0, tmp1;
fe_frombytes(x1, point);
fe_set1(x2);
fe_set0(z2);
fe_copy(x3, x1);
fe_set1(z3);
uint64_t swap = 0;
for (int pos = 254; pos >= 0; pos--) {
uint64_t bit = (e[pos/8] >> (pos%8)) & 1;
swap ^= bit;
fe_cswap(x2, x3, swap);
fe_cswap(z2, z3, swap);
swap = bit;
/* Montgomery ladder step */
fe a, b, c, d, da, cb, aa, bb, e2, dc;
fe_add(a, x2, z2);
fe_sub(b, x2, z2);
fe_add(c, x3, z3);
fe_sub(d, x3, z3);
fe_mul(da, d, a);
fe_mul(cb, c, b);
fe_add(tmp0, da, cb); fe_sq(x3, tmp0);
fe_sub(tmp1, da, cb); fe_sq(tmp1, tmp1); fe_mul(z3, x1, tmp1);
fe_sq(aa, a);
fe_sq(bb, b);
fe_mul(x2, aa, bb);
fe_sub(e2, aa, bb);
/* a24 = 121666 */
fe_copy(dc, e2);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) tmp0[i] = 0;
tmp0[0] = 121666;
fe_mul(tmp0, dc, tmp0);
fe_add(tmp0, aa, tmp0);
fe_mul(z2, e2, tmp0);
}
fe_cswap(x2, x3, swap);
fe_cswap(z2, z3, swap);
fe_inv(z2, z2);
fe_mul(x2, x2, z2);
fe_tobytes(out, x2);
/* Wipe stack */
memset(e, 0, 32);
}
void zupt_x25519_base(uint8_t out[32], const uint8_t scalar[32]) {
/* Standard basepoint: u = 9 */
uint8_t basepoint[32] = {0};
basepoint[0] = 9;
zupt_x25519(out, scalar, basepoint);
}

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/*
* Zupt Backup-oriented compression with AES-256 encryption
* Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* X25519 Diffie-Hellman key agreement (RFC 7748).
* Montgomery ladder constant-time by construction.
*/
#ifndef ZUPT_X25519_H
#define ZUPT_X25519_H
#include <stdint.h>
/* X25519(scalar, point) → result. All inputs/outputs are 32 bytes.
* CT-REQUIRED: Montgomery ladder is inherently constant-time. */
void zupt_x25519(uint8_t out[32], const uint8_t scalar[32], const uint8_t point[32]);
/* X25519 with the standard basepoint (9).
* Used for keygen: public = X25519(private, basepoint). */
void zupt_x25519_base(uint8_t out[32], const uint8_t scalar[32]);
#endif

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/*
* ZUPT - XXH64 Hash (based on xxHash by Yann Collet, BSD-2)
*/
#include "zupt.h"
#include <string.h>
#define P1 0x9E3779B185EBCA87ULL
#define P2 0xC2B2AE3D27D4EB4FULL
#define P3 0x165667B19E3779F9ULL
#define P4 0x85EBCA77C2B2AE63ULL
#define P5 0x27D4EB2F165667C5ULL
static inline uint64_t rotl64(uint64_t x,int r){return(x<<r)|(x>>(64-r));}
static inline uint64_t r64(const uint8_t*p){uint64_t v;memcpy(&v,p,8);return v;}
static inline uint32_t r32(const uint8_t*p){uint32_t v;memcpy(&v,p,4);return v;}
static inline uint64_t xround(uint64_t a,uint64_t i){return rotl64(a+i*P2,31)*P1;}
static inline uint64_t merge(uint64_t a,uint64_t v){return(a^xround(0,v))*P1+P4;}
static inline uint64_t aval(uint64_t h){h^=h>>33;h*=P2;h^=h>>29;h*=P3;h^=h>>32;return h;}
uint64_t zupt_xxh64(const void*data,size_t len,uint64_t seed){
const uint8_t*p=(const uint8_t*)data,*end=p+len;
uint64_t h;
if(len>=32){
const uint8_t*lim=end-32;
uint64_t v1=seed+P1+P2,v2=seed+P2,v3=seed,v4=seed-P1;
do{v1=xround(v1,r64(p));p+=8;v2=xround(v2,r64(p));p+=8;
v3=xround(v3,r64(p));p+=8;v4=xround(v4,r64(p));p+=8;}while(p<=lim);
h=rotl64(v1,1)+rotl64(v2,7)+rotl64(v3,12)+rotl64(v4,18);
h=merge(h,v1);h=merge(h,v2);h=merge(h,v3);h=merge(h,v4);
}else{h=seed+P5;}
h+=(uint64_t)len;
while(p+8<=end){h^=xround(0,r64(p));h=rotl64(h,27)*P1+P4;p+=8;}
if(p+4<=end){h^=(uint64_t)r32(p)*P1;h=rotl64(h,23)*P2+P3;p+=4;}
while(p<end){h^=(*p)*P5;h=rotl64(h,11)*P1;p++;}
return aval(h);
}

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#!/bin/sh
set +e
ZUPT="${1:-./zupt}"
T="/tmp/zupt_pq_$$"; mkdir -p "$T/data"
trap 'rm -rf "$T"' EXIT
echo "Hello PQ World!" > "$T/data/hello.txt"
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1024 count=50 of="$T/data/rand.bin" 2>/dev/null
yes "PQ test " | head -c 100000 > "$T/data/repeat.txt"
touch "$T/data/empty.txt"
cp "$ZUPT" "$T/data/elf.bin"
PASS=0; FAIL=0
pass() { echo " OK: $1"; PASS=$((PASS+1)); }
fail() { echo " FAIL: $1"; FAIL=$((FAIL+1)); }
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════"
echo " PQ Hybrid Encryption Tests"
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════"
$ZUPT keygen -o "$T/priv.key" 2>/dev/null; [ -f "$T/priv.key" ] && pass "keygen" || fail "keygen"
$ZUPT keygen --pub -o "$T/pub.key" -k "$T/priv.key" 2>/dev/null; [ -f "$T/pub.key" ] && pass "pubkey export" || fail "pubkey export"
PS=$(stat -c%s "$T/priv.key" 2>/dev/null); PP=$(stat -c%s "$T/pub.key" 2>/dev/null)
[ "$PS" = "3664" ] && [ "$PP" = "1232" ] && pass "key sizes" || fail "key sizes"
$ZUPT compress --pq "$T/pub.key" "$T/pq.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null; [ -f "$T/pq.zupt" ] && pass "PQ compress" || fail "PQ compress"
$ZUPT extract --pq "$T/priv.key" -o "$T/pq_out" "$T/pq.zupt" 2>/dev/null
B=0; for f in hello.txt rand.bin repeat.txt empty.txt elf.bin; do
E=$(find "$T/pq_out" -name "$f" -type f 2>/dev/null|head -1)
[ -z "$E" ]||! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$E" >/dev/null 2>&1 && B=$((B+1))
done; [ "$B" -eq 0 ] && pass "PQ round-trip (5 files)" || fail "PQ round-trip ($B mismatches)"
R=$($ZUPT test --pq "$T/priv.key" "$T/pq.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$R"|grep -q "0 failed" && pass "PQ integrity" || fail "PQ integrity"
$ZUPT keygen -o "$T/wrong.key" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract --pq "$T/wrong.key" -o "$T/bad" "$T/pq.zupt" 2>/dev/null
[ $? -ne 0 ] && pass "Wrong key rejected" || fail "Wrong key NOT rejected"
$ZUPT compress -p "pw" "$T/pw.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/pw_out" -p "pw" "$T/pw.zupt" 2>/dev/null
E=$(find "$T/pw_out" -name "hello.txt" -type f|head -1)
[ -n "$E" ] && diff -q "$T/data/hello.txt" "$E" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pass "Password backward compat" || fail "Password broken"
$ZUPT compress -t 4 --pq "$T/pub.key" "$T/mt.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract --pq "$T/priv.key" -o "$T/mt_out" "$T/mt.zupt" 2>/dev/null
B=0; for f in hello.txt rand.bin repeat.txt; do
E=$(find "$T/mt_out" -name "$f" -type f 2>/dev/null|head -1)
[ -z "$E" ]||! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$E" >/dev/null 2>&1 && B=$((B+1))
done; [ "$B" -eq 0 ] && pass "PQ+MT round-trip" || fail "PQ+MT ($B mismatches)"
yes "Large PQ " | head -c 2000000 > "$T/large.txt"
$ZUPT compress --pq "$T/pub.key" "$T/lg.zupt" "$T/large.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract --pq "$T/priv.key" -o "$T/lg_out" "$T/lg.zupt" 2>/dev/null
E=$(find "$T/lg_out" -name "large.txt" -type f|head -1)
[ -n "$E" ] && diff -q "$T/large.txt" "$E" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pass "PQ large (2MB)" || fail "PQ large"
echo ""; echo " PQ RESULTS: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed"
[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1

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#!/bin/sh
set +e
ZUPT="./zupt"
T="/tmp/zupt_mt_$$"
PASS=0; FAIL=0; TOTAL=0
mkdir -p "$T"
trap 'rm -rf "$T"' EXIT
pass() { echo " OK: $1"; PASS=$((PASS+1)); TOTAL=$((TOTAL+1)); }
fail() { echo " FAIL: $1"; FAIL=$((FAIL+1)); TOTAL=$((TOTAL+1)); }
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo " ZUPT v0.6.0 Multi-Threaded Test Suite"
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
$ZUPT version 2>&1 | head -1
echo ""
# Generate test data
mkdir -p "$T/data/sub"
echo "Hello, World!" > "$T/data/hello.txt"
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1024 count=500 of="$T/data/large_rand.bin" 2>/dev/null
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=200 of="$T/data/sparse.bin" 2>/dev/null
yes "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " | head -c 2000000 > "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt"
cp "$ZUPT" "$T/data/elf.bin"
touch "$T/data/empty.txt"
printf "X" > "$T/data/single.bin"
seq 1 50000 > "$T/data/sub/numbers.txt"
python3 -c "
import json, random; random.seed(42)
for i in range(5000):
print(json.dumps({'id':i,'name':f'user_{i}','score':round(random.gauss(75,15),2)}))
" > "$T/data/data.json" 2>/dev/null
# ─── T1: N=1 produces correct output ───
echo "── T1: Single-thread (N=1) round-trip ──"
$ZUPT compress -t 1 -l 7 "$T/t1.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t1_out" "$T/t1.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in $(cd "$T/data" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t1_out" -name "$(basename $f)" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
[ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && pass "N=1 round-trip (all files)" || fail "N=1 round-trip ($BAD mismatches)"
# ─── T2: N=2 produces correct output ───
echo "── T2: Two threads (N=2) round-trip ──"
$ZUPT compress -t 2 -l 7 "$T/t2.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t2_out" "$T/t2.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in $(cd "$T/data" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t2_out" -name "$(basename $f)" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
[ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && pass "N=2 round-trip (all files)" || fail "N=2 round-trip ($BAD mismatches)"
# ─── T3: N=4 produces correct output ───
echo "── T3: Four threads (N=4) round-trip ──"
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l 7 "$T/t3.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t3_out" "$T/t3.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in $(cd "$T/data" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t3_out" -name "$(basename $f)" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
[ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && pass "N=4 round-trip (all files)" || fail "N=4 round-trip ($BAD mismatches)"
# ─── T4: N=8 produces correct output ───
echo "── T4: Eight threads (N=8) round-trip ──"
$ZUPT compress -t 8 -l 7 "$T/t4.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t4_out" "$T/t4.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in $(cd "$T/data" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t4_out" -name "$(basename $f)" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
[ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && pass "N=8 round-trip (all files)" || fail "N=8 round-trip ($BAD mismatches)"
# ─── T5: Large file (>10MB) at N=8 ───
echo "── T5: Large file (10MB) at N=8 ──"
yes "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789 " | head -c 10485760 > "$T/large_10m.txt"
$ZUPT compress -t 8 -l 5 "$T/t5.zupt" "$T/large_10m.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t5_out" "$T/t5.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t5_out" -name "large_10m.txt" -type f | head -1)
if [ -n "$EXTR" ] && diff -q "$T/large_10m.txt" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
pass "10MB file N=8 round-trip"
else fail "10MB file N=8 round-trip"; fi
# ─── T6: Many small files (1000 × 1KB) at N=8 ───
echo "── T6: 1000 small files at N=8 ──"
mkdir -p "$T/many"
for i in $(seq 1 1000); do
echo "File $i content: $(head -c 500 /dev/urandom | base64 | head -c 900)" > "$T/many/file_$i.txt"
done
$ZUPT compress -t 8 -l 5 "$T/t6.zupt" "$T/many/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t6_out" "$T/t6.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTRACTED=$(find "$T/t6_out" -type f | wc -l)
# Spot-check a few files
SPOT_OK=1
for i in 1 100 500 999 1000; do
ORIG="$T/many/file_$i.txt"
EXTR=$(find "$T/t6_out" -name "file_$i.txt" -type f | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$ORIG" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then SPOT_OK=0; fi
done
if [ "$EXTRACTED" -eq 1000 ] && [ "$SPOT_OK" -eq 1 ]; then
pass "1000 small files N=8 ($EXTRACTED files)"
else fail "1000 small files N=8 ($EXTRACTED files, spot=$SPOT_OK)"; fi
# ─── T7: Empty file in MT archive ───
echo "── T7: Empty file in MT archive ──"
touch "$T/empty_test.txt"
echo "notempty" > "$T/notempty.txt"
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l 5 "$T/t7.zupt" "$T/empty_test.txt" "$T/notempty.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t7_out" "$T/t7.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR_EMPTY=$(find "$T/t7_out" -name "empty_test.txt" -type f | head -1)
if [ -n "$EXTR_EMPTY" ] && [ "$(wc -c < "$EXTR_EMPTY")" = "0" ]; then
pass "Empty file in MT archive"
else fail "Empty file in MT archive"; fi
# ─── T8: Encrypted at N=8 ───
echo "── T8: Encrypted compress+extract at N=8 ──"
$ZUPT compress -t 8 -l 5 -p "TestMT#2026" "$T/t8.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t8_out" -p "TestMT#2026" "$T/t8.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in hello.txt large_rand.bin repeat_2m.txt elf.bin empty.txt single.bin; do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t8_out" -name "$f" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
[ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && pass "Encrypted N=8 round-trip" || fail "Encrypted N=8 ($BAD mismatches)"
# ─── T9: Encrypted wrong password at N=8 ───
echo "── T9: Wrong password rejection at N=8 ──"
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t9_out" -p "WRONG" "$T/t8.zupt" 2>/dev/null
RES=$?
[ "$RES" -ne 0 ] && pass "Wrong password rejected (N=8)" || fail "Wrong password NOT rejected"
# ─── T10: Integrity test with MT archive ───
echo "── T10: Integrity test on MT archive ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT test -p "TestMT#2026" "$T/t8.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "0 failed" && pass "Integrity test (encrypted MT)" || fail "Integrity test"
# ─── T11: Solid + N=8 falls back to N=1 ───
echo "── T11: Solid mode + N=8 → fallback to N=1 ──"
$ZUPT compress --solid -t 8 -l 5 "$T/t11.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>"$T/t11_err.txt"
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t11_out" "$T/t11.zupt" 2>/dev/null
BAD=0
for f in hello.txt large_rand.bin elf.bin; do
EXTR=$(find "$T/t11_out" -name "$f" -type f 2>/dev/null | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/$f" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then BAD=$((BAD+1)); fi
done
if [ "$BAD" -eq 0 ] && grep -qi "single" "$T/t11_err.txt"; then
pass "Solid+N=8 → N=1 fallback (correct output)"
elif [ "$BAD" -eq 0 ]; then
pass "Solid+N=8 correct output (fallback logged)"
else
fail "Solid+N=8 ($BAD mismatches)"
fi
# ─── T12: All compression levels at N=4 ───
echo "── T12: All 9 levels at N=4 ──"
ALL_OK=1
for lvl in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9; do
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l $lvl "$T/lvl_${lvl}.zupt" "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/lvl_${lvl}_out" "$T/lvl_${lvl}.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/lvl_${lvl}_out" -name "repeat_2m.txt" -type f | head -1)
if [ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo " Level $lvl: FAIL"; ALL_OK=0
fi
done
[ "$ALL_OK" -eq 1 ] && pass "All 9 levels at N=4" || fail "Some levels failed at N=4"
# ─── T13: All codecs at N=4 ───
echo "── T13: All codecs at N=4 ──"
CODECS_OK=1
# Default (LZHP)
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l 5 "$T/codec_lzhp.zupt" "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/codec_lzhp_out" "$T/codec_lzhp.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/codec_lzhp_out" -name "repeat_2m.txt" -type f | head -1)
[ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && CODECS_OK=0
# Fast LZ
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l 5 -f "$T/codec_lz.zupt" "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/codec_lz_out" "$T/codec_lz.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/codec_lz_out" -name "repeat_2m.txt" -type f | head -1)
[ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && CODECS_OK=0
# Store
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -s "$T/codec_store.zupt" "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/codec_store_out" "$T/codec_store.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/codec_store_out" -name "repeat_2m.txt" -type f | head -1)
[ -z "$EXTR" ] || ! diff -q "$T/data/repeat_2m.txt" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && CODECS_OK=0
[ "$CODECS_OK" -eq 1 ] && pass "All codecs at N=4" || fail "Some codecs failed at N=4"
# ─── T14: Speed comparison (N=1 vs N=4) ───
echo "── T14: Throughput comparison ──"
T1_START=$(date +%s%N)
$ZUPT compress -t 1 -l 5 "$T/speed1.zupt" "$T/large_10m.txt" 2>/dev/null
T1_END=$(date +%s%N)
T1_MS=$(( (T1_END - T1_START) / 1000000 ))
T4_START=$(date +%s%N)
$ZUPT compress -t 4 -l 5 "$T/speed4.zupt" "$T/large_10m.txt" 2>/dev/null
T4_END=$(date +%s%N)
T4_MS=$(( (T4_END - T4_START) / 1000000 ))
echo " N=1: ${T1_MS}ms N=4: ${T4_MS}ms"
if [ "$T4_MS" -gt 0 ] && [ "$T1_MS" -gt 0 ]; then
SPEEDUP=$(echo "scale=1; $T1_MS / $T4_MS" | bc 2>/dev/null || echo "?")
echo " Speedup: ${SPEEDUP}x"
pass "Throughput comparison (N=1: ${T1_MS}ms, N=4: ${T4_MS}ms, ${SPEEDUP}x)"
else
pass "Throughput comparison (timing unavailable)"
fi
echo ""
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo " MT RESULTS: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed ($TOTAL tests)"
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1

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#!/bin/sh
# ZUPT v0.5.1 — Comprehensive Regression Test Suite
# Covers: normal, solid, encrypted, edge cases, heterogeneous data
# Run: sh tests/regression.sh
set +e # Don't exit on failure — we track pass/fail ourselves
ZUPT="./zupt"
T="/tmp/zupt_regression_$$"
PASS=0; FAIL=0; TOTAL=0
cleanup() { rm -rf "$T"; }
trap cleanup EXIT
fail() { echo " FAIL: $1"; FAIL=$((FAIL+1)); TOTAL=$((TOTAL+1)); }
pass() { echo " OK: $1"; PASS=$((PASS+1)); TOTAL=$((TOTAL+1)); }
check_roundtrip() {
# $1=original_dir $2=extracted_dir $3=test_name
local ok=0 bad=0
for f in $(cd "$1" && find . -type f | sed 's|^\./||'); do
local orig="$1/$f"
local extr="$2/$1/$f"
if [ -f "$extr" ] && diff -q "$orig" "$extr" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
ok=$((ok+1))
else
bad=$((bad+1))
fi
done
local total=$((ok+bad))
if [ "$bad" -eq 0 ] && [ "$total" -gt 0 ]; then
pass "$3 ($ok/$total files)"
else
fail "$3 ($ok/$total files, $bad mismatches)"
fi
}
mkdir -p "$T"
echo ""
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo " ZUPT v0.5.1 Regression Test Suite"
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo ""
$ZUPT version 2>&1 | head -1
echo ""
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# GENERATE TEST DATA
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
mkdir -p "$T/data/src" "$T/data/sub"
# 1. Empty file
touch "$T/data/empty.txt"
# 2. Single byte
printf "X" > "$T/data/single_byte.bin"
# 3. Small text
echo "Hello, World!" > "$T/data/hello.txt"
# 4. Source code (multiple similar files for solid mode)
for i in 1 2 3; do
cat src/zupt_predict.c > "$T/data/src/module_${i}.c"
done
# 5. CSV
python3 -c "
print('id,name,email,score,department')
for i in range(2000):
print(f'{i},user_{i},user{i}@company.com,{i*17%100},{[\"eng\",\"sales\",\"hr\",\"ops\"][i%4]}')
" > "$T/data/records.csv"
# 6. JSON Lines
python3 -c "
import json
for i in range(1000):
print(json.dumps({'id':i,'name':f'user_{i}','score':i*17%100,'active':i%3!=0}))
" > "$T/data/sub/data.jsonl"
# 7. Server logs
python3 -c "
import random; random.seed(42)
for i in range(1500):
ts=f'2026-03-17T{i%24:02d}:{i%60:02d}:{random.randint(0,59):02d}Z'
print(f'{ts} [{[\"INFO\",\"DEBUG\",\"WARN\"][i%3]}] req={random.randint(1000,9999)} {random.randint(1,5000)}ms')
" > "$T/data/server.log"
# 8. Random binary (incompressible)
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1024 count=10 of="$T/data/random.bin" 2>/dev/null
# 9. Sparse / zeros
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=50 of="$T/data/sparse.bin" 2>/dev/null
# 10. Highly repetitive
yes "ABCDEFGHIJ" | head -c 50000 > "$T/data/repeat.txt"
# 11. Binary with structure (records)
python3 -c "
import struct, sys
for i in range(2000):
sys.stdout.buffer.write(struct.pack('<IHBx', i, i*7%65536, i%256))
" > "$T/data/structured.bin"
NFILES=$(find "$T/data" -type f | wc -l)
TOTAL_SZ=$(du -sb "$T/data" | awk '{print $1}')
echo " Test corpus: $NFILES files, $TOTAL_SZ bytes"
echo ""
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 1: NORMAL MODE (per-file blocks)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T1: Normal mode compress + extract ──"
$ZUPT compress -l 5 "$T/normal.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t1_out" "$T/normal.zupt" 2>/dev/null
check_roundtrip "$T/data" "$T/t1_out" "Normal mode round-trip"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 2: NORMAL MODE INTEGRITY
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T2: Normal mode integrity test ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT test "$T/normal.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "0 failed" && pass "Normal integrity" || fail "Normal integrity"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 3: SOLID MODE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T3: Solid mode compress + extract ──"
$ZUPT compress --solid -l 5 "$T/solid.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t3_out" "$T/solid.zupt" 2>/dev/null
check_roundtrip "$T/data" "$T/t3_out" "Solid mode round-trip"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 4: SOLID MODE INTEGRITY
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T4: Solid mode integrity test ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT test -v "$T/solid.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "0 failed" && pass "Solid integrity" || fail "Solid integrity: $RESULT"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 5: ENCRYPTED NORMAL MODE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T5: Encrypted normal mode ──"
$ZUPT compress -l 5 -p "TestPass#2026" "$T/enc_normal.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t5_out" -p "TestPass#2026" "$T/enc_normal.zupt" 2>/dev/null
check_roundtrip "$T/data" "$T/t5_out" "Encrypted normal round-trip"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 6: ENCRYPTED SOLID MODE
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T6: Encrypted solid mode ──"
$ZUPT compress --solid -l 5 -p "S3cure!Key" "$T/enc_solid.zupt" "$T/data/" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t6_out" -p "S3cure!Key" "$T/enc_solid.zupt" 2>/dev/null
check_roundtrip "$T/data" "$T/t6_out" "Encrypted solid round-trip"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 7: ENCRYPTED INTEGRITY
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T7: Encrypted solid integrity ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT test -p "S3cure!Key" "$T/enc_solid.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "0 failed" && pass "Encrypted solid integrity" || fail "Encrypted solid integrity: $RESULT"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 8: WRONG PASSWORD REJECTION
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T8: Wrong password rejection ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT extract -o "$T/t8_bad" -p "WRONG" "$T/enc_normal.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -qi "auth\|fail" && pass "Wrong password rejected" || fail "Wrong password NOT rejected"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 9: ALL COMPRESSION LEVELS (1-9)
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T9: All compression levels ──"
LEVEL_OK=1
for lvl in 1 3 5 7 9; do
$ZUPT compress -l $lvl "$T/lvl_${lvl}.zupt" "$T/data/records.csv" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t9_${lvl}" "$T/lvl_${lvl}.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t9_${lvl}" -name "records.csv" -type f | head -1)
if [ -n "$EXTR" ] && diff -q "$T/data/records.csv" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
: # ok
else
echo " Level $lvl: FAIL"
LEVEL_OK=0
fi
done
[ "$LEVEL_OK" -eq 1 ] && pass "All 5 levels round-trip" || fail "Some levels failed"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 10: EDGE CASES
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T10: Edge cases ──"
# Empty file
$ZUPT compress -l 5 "$T/edge_empty.zupt" "$T/data/empty.txt" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t10_empty" "$T/edge_empty.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t10_empty" -name "empty.txt" -type f | head -1)
[ -n "$EXTR" ] && [ "$(wc -c < "$EXTR")" = "0" ] && pass "Empty file" || fail "Empty file"
# Single byte
$ZUPT compress -l 5 "$T/edge_single.zupt" "$T/data/single_byte.bin" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t10_single" "$T/edge_single.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t10_single" -name "single_byte.bin" -type f | head -1)
[ -n "$EXTR" ] && diff -q "$T/data/single_byte.bin" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pass "Single byte file" || fail "Single byte file"
# Sparse (all zeros)
$ZUPT compress -l 5 "$T/edge_sparse.zupt" "$T/data/sparse.bin" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t10_sparse" "$T/edge_sparse.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t10_sparse" -name "sparse.bin" -type f | head -1)
[ -n "$EXTR" ] && diff -q "$T/data/sparse.bin" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pass "Sparse file (200KB zeros)" || fail "Sparse file"
# Pure random (incompressible)
$ZUPT compress -l 5 "$T/edge_random.zupt" "$T/data/random.bin" 2>/dev/null
$ZUPT extract -o "$T/t10_random" "$T/edge_random.zupt" 2>/dev/null
EXTR=$(find "$T/t10_random" -name "random.bin" -type f | head -1)
[ -n "$EXTR" ] && diff -q "$T/data/random.bin" "$EXTR" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pass "Random binary (incompressible)" || fail "Random binary"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 11: LIST COMMAND
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T11: List command ──"
RESULT=$($ZUPT list "$T/normal.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "TOTAL" && pass "List normal archive" || fail "List normal archive"
RESULT=$($ZUPT list "$T/solid.zupt" 2>&1)
echo "$RESULT" | grep -q "TOTAL" && pass "List solid archive" || fail "List solid archive"
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# TEST 12: SOLID VS GZIP BENCHMARK
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo "── T12: Compression comparison ──"
S_SZ=$(stat -c%s "$T/solid.zupt" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$T/solid.zupt" 2>/dev/null)
N_SZ=$(stat -c%s "$T/normal.zupt" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$T/normal.zupt" 2>/dev/null)
tar cf - -C "$T" data/ 2>/dev/null | gzip -9 > "$T/gz.tar.gz"
G_SZ=$(stat -c%s "$T/gz.tar.gz" 2>/dev/null || stat -f%z "$T/gz.tar.gz" 2>/dev/null)
SR=$(echo "scale=2; $TOTAL_SZ / $S_SZ" | bc)
NR=$(echo "scale=2; $TOTAL_SZ / $N_SZ" | bc)
GR=$(echo "scale=2; $TOTAL_SZ / $G_SZ" | bc)
echo " gzip -9: $G_SZ bytes ${GR}:1"
echo " ZUPT normal: $N_SZ bytes ${NR}:1"
echo " ZUPT solid: $S_SZ bytes ${SR}:1"
if [ "$S_SZ" -le "$G_SZ" ]; then
pass "Solid beats gzip ($(echo "scale=1; ($G_SZ-$S_SZ)*100/$G_SZ" | bc)% smaller)"
else
echo " NOTE: gzip wins (normal for small non-backup corpus)"
pass "Compression comparison complete"
fi
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SUMMARY
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
echo ""
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo " RESULTS: $PASS passed, $FAIL failed ($TOTAL tests)"
echo "═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════"
echo ""
[ "$FAIL" -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1

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