v4.0.0: codec 2.60.4 security release, --pq-box sealed-box mode, F-16 fix
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Major release. Highlights: - Codec: vendored VaptVupt codec moves to canonical 2.60.4 security release. Fixes a high-severity OOB heap write in the AVX2 decode fast path (reachable on a valid stream sized to exactly content_size, both tail variants). Brings CBMC-formally-verified BCJ filters with automatic ELF/PE/Mach-O detection. Compressed output stays byte-identical (ratio gate Δ 0.00%); wire format unchanged at v1.6. - New --pq-box sealed-box recipient mode (vendored libpqvaptvupt 0.6.0): ML-KEM-768 + X25519 combined via HKDF-SHA256 with domain separation, AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256 EtM. Legacy --pq and --pq-sdk stay readable. - F-16: discloses and fixes a pre-existing data-loss defect in the <= 3.8.0 in-tree BCJ encoder. Full back-compat matrix decodes byte-exact under 4.0.0; every readable pre-4.0 archive remains readable. Repository hygiene: - Sync full 4.0.0 source tree (codec, crypto, SDK, GUI, packaging, tests). - Remove internal scratch files (PROMPT.md, FORMAL_AUDIT_PROMPT.md) and superseded version-specific docs (INTEGRATION_PROTOCOL_2.60.4.md, docs/FINDINGS-2.x.md) and a stray test binary. - Refresh README download/install section to real 4.0.0 release assets; bump version badge to 4.0.0. - Add .gitignore for build outputs (keeps vendored prebuilt libraries).
This commit is contained in:
Cristian Cezar Moisés
parent
7619c4c577
commit
544a2cd647
98 changed files with 15615 additions and 1397 deletions
616
doc/vaptvupt.1
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doc/vaptvupt.1
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.\" Manpage for vaptvupt (formerly zupt; INPI Brasil trademark rename in v3.0.0)
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.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
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.\" Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Cristian Cezar Moisés
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.TH VAPTVUPT 1 "May 2026" "vaptvupt 4.0.0" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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vaptvupt \- post-quantum backup compression utility (formerly zupt)
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B vaptvupt compress
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.RI [ options ]
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.I out.zupt
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.I files...
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.br
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.B vaptvupt extract
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.RI [ options ]
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.I archive.zupt
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.br
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.B vaptvupt list
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.RI [ options ]
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.I archive.zupt
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.br
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.B vaptvupt test
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.RI [ options ]
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.I archive.zupt
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.br
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.B vaptvupt info
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.I archive.zupt
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.br
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.B vaptvupt bench
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.I files/dirs...
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.br
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.B vaptvupt disk backup
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.RI [ options ]
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.I out.zupt
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.I device
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.br
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.B vaptvupt disk restore
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.RI [ options ]
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.I archive.zupt
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.I device
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.br
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.B vaptvupt keygen
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.RI [ options ]
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.br
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.B vaptvupt version
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.br
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.B vaptvupt help
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.PP
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The legacy command name
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.B zupt
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is preserved as an alias for backward compatibility; both invocations
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behave identically.
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B vaptvupt
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compresses and encrypts files, directories, and whole block devices
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into self-contained, authenticated archives with the
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.B .zupt
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extension. It targets long-lived backup storage where:
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.RS
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.IP \(bu 2
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the archive is written once and restored under time pressure many years later;
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.IP \(bu 2
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the encryption envelope must remain secure against a future cryptographically-relevant quantum computer (ML-KEM-768);
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.IP \(bu 2
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every byte of the archive — header, footer, per-block metadata, comments — is authenticated, and a single bit-flip is rejected at restore time.
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.RE
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.PP
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The compression layer is the
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.B VaptVupt LZ + ANS
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codec (version 2.53.3), which prioritises decode speed and ratio over
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encode speed. Aggregate decode throughput on this build is 1.27\(mu
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zstd\-3; encode throughput is 0.2\(mu\(en0.5\(mu zstd\-3 depending on
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content. See
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.B PERFORMANCE
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below.
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.PP
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The on-disk format is v1.6 and has been wire-compatible since release
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v2.3.1. The product was renamed from
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.B Zupt
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to
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.B VaptVupt
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in v3.0.0 because of a prior INPI Brasil trademark registration of the
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name "Zupt" for unrelated software. The
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.B .zupt
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file extension and the
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.B ZUPT
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header magic bytes are unchanged: archives produced by any v2.x release
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extract cleanly under v3.0.0 and vice versa.
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.SH COMMANDS
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.TP
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.B compress
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Create an archive. Default codec is VaptVupt (level 7). Compression
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is multi-threaded; one worker per detected CPU by default.
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.TP
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.B extract
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Decompress an archive into the current directory (or
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.BR -o " " \fIdir\fR ).
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Refuses to write outside the destination directory (path-traversal
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defence). Files are written with their original permissions and
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mtime preserved.
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.TP
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.B list
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Print archive metadata: per-file path, size, mtime, mode, compressed
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size, codec. With
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.B --verbose
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also prints per-block sizes and HMAC tags (first 8 bytes).
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.TP
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.B test
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Decompress all blocks in memory and verify HMAC tags + archive
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integrity trailer. Does not write any files. Use to validate an
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archive without restoring it. Exit code is non-zero on any failure.
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.TP
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.B info
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Print archive header metadata without requiring the decryption key.
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Reports: format version, codec, encryption type (none / PBKDF2 /
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Argon2id / ML-KEM-768+X25519), KDF iteration count, file count,
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creation timestamp, archive UUID, AIT presence. Safe to run on an
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untrusted archive.
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.TP
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.B bench
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Compare compression levels 1\(en9 on the supplied files; reports
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ratio and encode/decode throughput per level. Useful when picking
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the right
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.B -l
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for a given workload.
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.TP
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.B disk backup
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Read a block device and write a sparse-aware archive. Detects
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all-zero regions and records them as runs rather than compressing
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them.
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.TP
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.B disk restore
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Inverse of
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.BR "disk backup" .
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Writes the archive's contents back to a block device. Verifies
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target device size before writing; refuses if the target is smaller
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than the archived size. With
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.B --sync
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issues
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.BR fsync (2)
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after each block.
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.TP
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.B keygen
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Generate a key file for keyfile-mode encryption. With
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.B --sdk
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generates an ML-KEM-768 + X25519 hybrid keypair suitable for
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.B --pq-sdk
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mode. With
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.B --box
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generates a libpqvaptvupt sealed-box keypair (writes \fIfile\fR and
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\fIfile\fR.pub) for
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.B --pq-box
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mode. With
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.B --pub
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extracts the public key from an existing private key.
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.SH GLOBAL OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BR -v ", " --verbose
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Print per-file and per-block details during compress/extract/list/test.
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.TP
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.BR -q ", " --quiet
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Suppress non-error output.
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.TP
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.BR -j " " \fIN\fR ", " --jobs " " \fIN\fR
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Worker thread count for parallel compression. Default: number of
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online CPUs.
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.SH COMPRESS OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BR -l " " \fI1..9\fR ", " --level " " \fI1..9\fR
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Compression level. 1\(en2 = ultra-fast (~80 MB/s encode on typical
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hardware, lower ratio). 3\(en7 = balanced (default 7). 8\(en9 =
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extreme (optimal parsing, ~5\(en10\(mu slower encode, best ratio).
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.TP
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.B --codec \fIid\fR
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Force a specific codec by id. Accepted values:
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.BR store " (0x0000), "
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.BR zupt-lz " (0x0008), "
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.BR zupt-lzh " (0x0009), "
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.BR zupt-lzhp " (0x000A), "
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.BR vaptvupt " (0x0010 — default), "
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.BR auto " (0xFFFF — pick at runtime)."
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.TP
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.BR -p " " \fIpassword\fR
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Enable password-based encryption (Argon2id KDF by default since v2.4.1).
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Reading the password from a flag exposes it in
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.BR ps (1)
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output; prefer
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.B --pass-file
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or interactive prompt.
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.TP
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.B --pass-file \fIpath\fR
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Read password from the first line of the file. The file's permission
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bits should be 0600.
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.TP
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.B --pass-fd \fIN\fR
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Read password from file descriptor N.
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.TP
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.B --kdf \fIalgo\fR
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Choose key-derivation function for password mode:
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.BR argon2id " (default since v2.4.1; memory-hard) or "
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.BR pbkdf2 " (SHA-256, 600 000 iter; needed for compatibility with v2.4.0 and earlier readers)."
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.TP
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.B --keyfile \fIpath\fR
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Use a 32-byte raw key file (generated with
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.BR "vaptvupt keygen" ).
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.TP
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.B --pq-box \fIpub\fR
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Enable post-quantum sealed-box encryption via the vendored libpqvaptvupt
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(v4.0.0+, envelope type 0x05). ML-KEM-768 + X25519 shared secrets are
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combined through HKDF-SHA256 with a domain-separating info string
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("pqvv-seal-v1"); the box carries AES-256-CTR + HMAC-SHA256
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Encrypt-then-MAC. The
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.I pub
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argument is the recipient's public-key file from
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.B keygen --box
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(magic-tagged; public and secret key files are not interchangeable).
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On extraction, pass the secret key:
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.B --pq-box
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\fIpriv\fR.
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.TP
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.B --pq-sdk \fIpub\fR
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Enable post-quantum hybrid encryption. Uses ML-KEM-768 + X25519 with
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HKDF combiner, HPKE binding, and key commitment. The
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.I pub
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argument is the recipient's public-key file generated by
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.BR "vaptvupt keygen --sdk" .
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.TP
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.B -c \fItext\fR ", " --comment " " \fItext\fR
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Embed an encrypted UTF-8 comment in the archive (up to 4096 bytes).
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The comment is bound to the archive's frame-preface AAD; tampering
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is detected at extract time.
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.TP
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.B --comment-file \fIpath\fR
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Read the comment from a file rather than the command line.
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.TP
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.B -b \fIsize\fR ", " --block-size " " \fIsize\fR
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Compression block size. Default 4 MiB. Smaller blocks improve
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random-access decode but lose some ratio.
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.SH EXTRACT, LIST, TEST OPTIONS
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.TP
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.BR -o " " \fIdir\fR ", " --output " " \fIdir\fR
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Extract into
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.IR dir
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(created if it doesn't exist). Default: current directory.
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.TP
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.B --no-mtime
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Do not restore archived modification times; use current time instead.
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.TP
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.B --strip-components \fIN\fR
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Strip
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.I N
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leading path components from each entry, like
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.BR tar 's
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flag of the same name.
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.SH POST-QUANTUM ENCRYPTION
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.B vaptvupt
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implements a hybrid KEM as specified in FIPS 203 (ML-KEM) combined
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with X25519 (RFC 7748). The session key is derived as:
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.RS
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.nf
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ss_pq = ML-KEM-768.decaps(sk_pq, ct_pq)
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ss_ec = X25519(sk_ec, pk_ec_peer)
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session = HKDF-SHA256(ss_pq || ss_ec,
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info = "vaptvupt-pq-sdk-v1",
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salt = archive_uuid)
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.fi
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.RE
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The hybrid combiner means the session key is at least as strong as
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the strongest of {ML-KEM-768, X25519}: an attacker must break both
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to recover the key.
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.PP
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.B Key commitment:
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the ciphertext is bound to the exact public key it was encrypted to
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via an HPKE-style derivation. An attacker cannot present a different
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public key that decrypts to the same plaintext (this defeats the
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"partitioning" attack class).
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.PP
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.B Implementation notes:
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the ML-KEM-768 implementation is vendored from a clean reference and
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verified against the FIPS 203 KAT vectors. The X25519 implementation
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uses 4\(mu64-bit field arithmetic with Jasmin-verified constant-time
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field operations on x86_64. On other architectures the same routines
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run in pure C, also constant-time by construction.
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.SH SECURITY
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.SS Threat model
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What
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.B vaptvupt
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.B protects against:
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.RS
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.IP \(bu 2
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Confidentiality of archived data at rest (AES-256-CTR with HMAC-SHA256 EtM, or AEAD via libzuptsdk on the
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.B --pq-sdk
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path).
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.IP \(bu 2
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End-to-end byte-level tamper detection on encrypted archives. The F-09 byte-sweep regression (1827 positions on a representative archive, 2000 trials, every run) shows zero silent-accept positions.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Wrong-password and tampered-archive indistinguishability at the user-visible message layer (F-11). The default error wording is identical for both cases; only
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.B --verbose
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prints the distinguishing detail. This closes the "verbal probe-oracle" attack class where the error string leaked which check failed first.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Post-quantum forward secrecy on archives encrypted with
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.B --pq-sdk
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(assuming ML-KEM-768 holds against future quantum attack).
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.IP \(bu 2
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Archive-header and footer authentication via a 32-byte HMAC-SHA256 trailer (F-08). Tampering with the file count, comment offset, or timestamp is detected at archive open time.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Path-traversal at extract time. Entries with absolute paths or
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.B ..
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components are refused or stripped.
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.RE
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What it does
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.B NOT
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protect against:
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.RS
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.IP \(bu 2
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Compromise of the endpoint that creates or restores the archive. If the host is compromised, the password, key file, or plaintext is accessible.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Compromise of the key file or password. Key custody is the user's responsibility.
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.IP \(bu 2
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A weak password. Argon2id with default parameters needs ~256 MiB and ~1 s to derive a key on commodity hardware; a 4-character password is still trivially crackable.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Metadata leakage. File names, sizes, and modification times are encrypted, but the archive's total size and the count of compressed blocks are visible to an observer.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Side channels on the compression layer (CRIME/BREACH-style). If the same archive contains both attacker-controlled and secret data and the attacker can observe the compressed size, length-based oracles may be possible.
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.IP \(bu 2
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Denial-of-service via malformed input on the decoder. The decoder rejects malformed input cleanly (no crashes in the fuzz harness), but a very large compressed input can still consume CPU and memory proportional to its size.
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.RE
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.SS Cryptographic primitives
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.TS
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tab(|);
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l l.
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SHA-256 | FIPS 180-4
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SHA-3 / SHAKE | FIPS 202
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ML-KEM-768 | FIPS 203
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AES-256-CTR | NIST SP 800-38A
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HMAC-SHA256 | RFC 2104 / FIPS 198-1
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X25519 | RFC 7748
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HKDF-SHA256 | RFC 5869
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PBKDF2-SHA256 | RFC 8018
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Argon2id | RFC 9106
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XXH64 | non-cryptographic; used only inside the AEAD envelope
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.TE
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||||
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.SS Constant-time guarantees
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||||
|
||||
All secret-dependent comparisons and table lookups in the cryptographic
|
||||
core are constant-time. On x86_64 the hot paths (HMAC equality compare,
|
||||
ML-KEM Fujisaki-Okamoto implicit rejection) are implemented in Jasmin
|
||||
and assembled with
|
||||
.BR jasminc (1).
|
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On other architectures the same routines run in portable C; the
|
||||
constant-time property is preserved by source-level construction.
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.SH FILES
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.TP
|
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.I ~/.config/vaptvupt/
|
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Per-user configuration directory (reserved; not used in v3.0.0).
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|
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.TP
|
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.I /etc/vaptvupt/
|
||||
System-wide configuration directory (reserved; not used in v3.0.0).
|
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|
||||
.TP
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||||
.I /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/vaptvupt
|
||||
Bash completion (and the symlinked legacy
|
||||
.IR /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/zupt ).
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.I /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_vaptvupt
|
||||
zsh completion.
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.I /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/vaptvupt.fish
|
||||
fish completion.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH ENVIRONMENT
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B VAPTVUPT_BIN
|
||||
Override the binary path used by the GUI front-end. Legacy
|
||||
.B ZUPT_BIN
|
||||
is also honoured.
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B VAPTVUPT_DEBUG
|
||||
If set to any non-empty value, the GUI front-end prints its binary-discovery log to stderr.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH EXIT STATUS
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 0
|
||||
Success.
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 1
|
||||
General error (bad arguments, file not found, etc.).
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 2
|
||||
Authentication failed. Wrong password, wrong key file, or the archive has been tampered with. Use
|
||||
.B --verbose
|
||||
to see the distinguishing detail (subject to F-11's threat model: detailed messages may leak which failure cause fired first).
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 3
|
||||
Archive-format error (wrong magic bytes, unsupported format version, corrupted header).
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 4
|
||||
I/O error (disk full, permission denied, network failure).
|
||||
|
||||
.TP
|
||||
.B 5
|
||||
Compressed-data integrity error (per-block HMAC mismatch detected mid-stream).
|
||||
|
||||
.SH PERFORMANCE
|
||||
|
||||
Numbers below are from the v3.0.0 release benchmark (May 2026), run
|
||||
on an Intel Xeon @ 2.8 GHz with the codec compiled with the
|
||||
distribution's default optimisation level.
|
||||
|
||||
.TS
|
||||
tab(|);
|
||||
l l l l l.
|
||||
\fBFixture\fR | \fBTool\fR | \fBRatio\fR | \fBEnc MB/s\fR | \fBDec MB/s\fR
|
||||
text 8 MB | vv-9 | 34.6% | 5.4 | 219
|
||||
text 8 MB | gzip-9 | 30.9% | 6.2 | 137
|
||||
text 8 MB | zstd-3 | 31.6% | 137 | 427
|
||||
text 8 MB | zstd-19 | 25.5% | 1.6 | 384
|
||||
source 670 KB | vv-9 | 25.1% | 11.4 | 128
|
||||
source 670 KB | gzip-9 | 23.2% | 10.0 | 107
|
||||
source 670 KB | zstd-3 | 24.1% | 91 | 160
|
||||
binary 2.4 MB | vv-9 | 44.7% | 7.7 | 153
|
||||
binary 2.4 MB | gzip-9 | 52.0% | 12.6 | 109
|
||||
binary 2.4 MB | zstd-3 | 77.3% | 164 | 382
|
||||
binary 2.4 MB | zstd-19 | 48.0% | 5.8 | 229
|
||||
random 5 MB | vv-9 | 100.0% | 11.1 | 477
|
||||
random 5 MB | zstd-3 | 100.0% | 397 | 681
|
||||
.TE
|
||||
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Honest reading of these numbers:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.IP \(bu 2
|
||||
On binary-structured data (game saves, mmap'd structures, struct arrays),
|
||||
.B vaptvupt
|
||||
beats zstd-3 by a wide margin on ratio (44.7% vs 77.3%) at the cost of being ~20\(mu slower to encode. For write-once / restore-often workloads this is the right trade.
|
||||
.IP \(bu 2
|
||||
On text and source, zstd-19 beats
|
||||
.B vaptvupt
|
||||
on ratio. The fundamental codec difference is that zstd's reference encoder has had years of compiler-engineering attention that
|
||||
.B vaptvupt
|
||||
has not.
|
||||
.IP \(bu 2
|
||||
Encode throughput is
|
||||
.BR vaptvupt 's
|
||||
weak axis. If encode latency matters more than ratio, use
|
||||
.B -l 1
|
||||
or
|
||||
.BR -l 2 .
|
||||
.IP \(bu 2
|
||||
On random / already-compressed data, all codecs hit the incompressibility wall; comparing encode/decode throughput in that regime is mostly measuring memcpy speed plus framing overhead.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
.SH EXAMPLES
|
||||
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Compress with default settings (Argon2id password, VaptVupt level 7, multi-threaded):
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ vaptvupt compress -p secret backup.zupt ~/Documents
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Compress with post-quantum hybrid encryption to a published public key:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ vaptvupt keygen --sdk -o ~/.config/vaptvupt-mykey
|
||||
$ vaptvupt keygen --sdk --pub -o mykey.pub -k ~/.config/vaptvupt-mykey
|
||||
$ vaptvupt compress --pq-sdk mykey.pub backup.zupt ~/Documents
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Backup a block device, sparse-aware:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ sudo vaptvupt disk backup -p secret system.zupt /dev/nvme0n1p2
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Verify an archive without restoring:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ vaptvupt test -p secret backup.zupt
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Print archive metadata without supplying a password:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ vaptvupt info backup.zupt
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Compare compression levels:
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ vaptvupt bench ~/Downloads/big-dataset.bin
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
Run the GUI from a desktop session where /usr/bin isn't on PATH (the bug fixed in v3.0.0):
|
||||
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
$ VAPTVUPT_DEBUG=1 vaptvupt-gui 2> /tmp/discovery.log
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
|
||||
.SH STANDARDS
|
||||
|
||||
ISO C11; POSIX.1-2017 for I/O and threading. The cryptographic
|
||||
primitives implement the specifications listed in
|
||||
.BR SECURITY
|
||||
above. The on-disk archive format is documented in
|
||||
.B FORMAT.md
|
||||
in the source distribution.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH AUTHORS
|
||||
Cristian Cezar Moisés <zupt@riseup.net> — primary author and maintainer.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
Report bugs at https://git.securityops.co/cristiancmoises/zupt/issues
|
||||
or by email to <zupt@riseup.net>.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH LICENSE
|
||||
AGPL-3.0-or-later for the application; GPL-3.0-or-later for the
|
||||
embedded VaptVupt codec. Dual-licensed: a commercial licence is
|
||||
available from <sac@securityops.co>.
|
||||
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR vaptvupt-gui (1),
|
||||
.BR zstd (1),
|
||||
.BR gzip (1),
|
||||
.BR xz (1),
|
||||
.BR tar (1),
|
||||
.BR cryptsetup (8),
|
||||
.BR jasminc (1).
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Project home: https://git.securityops.co/cristiancmoises/zupt
|
||||
.br
|
||||
Threat model: see
|
||||
.B THREAT_MODEL.md
|
||||
in the source distribution.
|
||||
.br
|
||||
Archive format spec: see
|
||||
.B FORMAT.md
|
||||
in the source distribution.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue